BOOK 8 Unit1 A land of diversity
目标认知
重点词汇：means, majority, applicant, apparently, react, insert, occur to, take in, a great many
重点句型：it作形式主语
语 法： 名词性从句
精讲巧练
重点词汇
means
【原句回放】 Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.( P2)
【点拨】means: n. a method or a way of doing. 表示“方式，方法，手段 ”,注意其单复数同形。相关短语：by means of 相当于 by using ，表示依靠，凭借； by no means 一点也不； by all means 尽一切办法，当然。
如：The quickest means of travel is by plane.
重点词汇：means, majority, applicant, apparently, react, insert, occur to, take in, a great many
重点句型：it作形式主语
语 法： 名词性从句
精讲巧练
重点词汇
means
【原句回放】 Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.( P2)
【点拨】means: n. a method or a way of doing. 表示“方式，方法，手段 ”,注意其单复数同形。相关短语：by means of 相当于 by using ，表示依靠，凭借； by no means 一点也不； by all means 尽一切办法，当然。
如：The quickest means of travel is by plane.
All possible means have been tried. = Every possible means has been tried.
She couldn’t speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
【拓展】mean vt. 表示“意欲，想要”，后跟to do不定式或-ing 形式。也可作adj,表示“吝啬的”，
如：Peter's father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.
I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
What do you mean by saying that?
majority
【原句回放】Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to teach …… ( P2)
【点拨】majority n. the great number or amount; most（常与of连用）多数；半数以上,如：The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
The minority is subordinate to the majority.
【拓展】major: adj, greater when compared with others in size, number or importance 较大的；较多的；主要的。注意：major不能与than连用， 如不能说He is major than I am.
She couldn’t speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
【拓展】mean vt. 表示“意欲，想要”，后跟to do不定式或-ing 形式。也可作adj,表示“吝啬的”，
如：Peter's father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.
I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
What do you mean by saying that?
majority
【原句回放】Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to teach …… ( P2)
【点拨】majority n. the great number or amount; most（常与of连用）多数；半数以上,如：The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.
The minority is subordinate to the majority.
【拓展】major: adj, greater when compared with others in size, number or importance 较大的；较多的；主要的。注意：major不能与than连用， 如不能说He is major than I am.
One of the major aims of the air raid was the complete demolition of all means of communications by bombing.
The car needs major repairs.
3.applicant
【原句回放】However, most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa. (P5)
【点拨】applicant: n. a person who make a request officially or in writing ,for something such as a job申请人，请求者。
如：an applicant for admission to a school
There are many applicants for the position, so it’s difficult to get it.
【拓展】apply vt., vi. 申请; 应用,使用；短语：apply oneself to 表示“专心从事，埋头于……”
I want to apply for the job.
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.
Students should apply themselves to their study.
apparently
The car needs major repairs.
3.applicant
【原句回放】However, most applicants know that they have very little chance of getting a visa. (P5)
【点拨】applicant: n. a person who make a request officially or in writing ,for something such as a job申请人，请求者。
如：an applicant for admission to a school
There are many applicants for the position, so it’s difficult to get it.
【拓展】apply vt., vi. 申请; 应用,使用；短语：apply oneself to 表示“专心从事，埋头于……”
I want to apply for the job.
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.
Students should apply themselves to their study.
apparently
【原句回放】Apparently he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horse with it. (P8)
【点拨】apparently: adv.显然；似乎,常用于句首修饰整个句子，相当于句型：It seems or appears that……，
如：Apparently, you have done a lot of work.
Apparently she was trying her best to save her child from severe illness.
【拓展】apparent adj. easily seen or understood 明显的, 显而易见的；外表的,表面上的,
如：apparent cause：表面原因。
It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
Their apparent grief turned to crazy laughter in a minute.
react
【原句回放】Noticing how the listener reacts and, if necessary, changing your way of speaking to suit the listener. (P9)
【点拨】react: vt. to act in reply or to behave differently as a result （常与to连用）反应。 相关短语：react against 反抗, 反对 ；react on /upon: 对... ...起作用, 对...有影响, 对... ...起
【点拨】apparently: adv.显然；似乎,常用于句首修饰整个句子，相当于句型：It seems or appears that……，
如：Apparently, you have done a lot of work.
Apparently she was trying her best to save her child from severe illness.
【拓展】apparent adj. easily seen or understood 明显的, 显而易见的；外表的,表面上的,
如：apparent cause：表面原因。
It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
Their apparent grief turned to crazy laughter in a minute.
react
【原句回放】Noticing how the listener reacts and, if necessary, changing your way of speaking to suit the listener. (P9)
【点拨】react: vt. to act in reply or to behave differently as a result （常与to连用）反应。 相关短语：react against 反抗, 反对 ；react on /upon: 对... ...起作用, 对...有影响, 对... ...起
反应
如：How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.
When the sun comes out the flowers react by opening wide.
react against oppression
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
【拓展】reaction: n. a case of reacting or a change back to a former condition 表示“反应；复古，恢复到以前”
如：What is his reaction to your proposal?
After these days of excitement there was a reaction.
insert
【原句回放】Rewrite the diary entry for Tuesday inserting all the missing words. ( P9)
【点拨】insert: vt. to put something inside, 表示“插入”，
如：They inserted an advertisement in the newspaper.
He inserted the key in the lock but could not open the door.
occur to
如：How did your mother react to the news? She reacted by getting very angry.
When the sun comes out the flowers react by opening wide.
react against oppression
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.
【拓展】reaction: n. a case of reacting or a change back to a former condition 表示“反应；复古，恢复到以前”
如：What is his reaction to your proposal?
After these days of excitement there was a reaction.
insert
【原句回放】Rewrite the diary entry for Tuesday inserting all the missing words. ( P9)
【点拨】insert: vt. to put something inside, 表示“插入”，
如：They inserted an advertisement in the newspaper.
He inserted the key in the lock but could not open the door.
occur to
【原句回放】It didn’t occur to me that there ‘d be a big festival on at the same times as my holiday. ( P5)
【点拨】occur to: vi. come into sb’s mind , 表示“使想起，被某人想到 ”；句中it 是形式主语代替后面的that从句。
如：A good idea occurred to me all at once.
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
【拓展】occur 表示“发生，存在”相当于happen, take place; exist.react to 结构
如：The sound doesn’t occur in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
The accident occurred at four o’clock in the morning when people were sleeping.
take in
【原句回放】It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. (P8)
【点拨】take in 表示“收留，收容（某人）；包括，包含”，还可表示“改短，缩减尺寸；欺骗，蒙骗”
如：You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
【点拨】occur to: vi. come into sb’s mind , 表示“使想起，被某人想到 ”；句中it 是形式主语代替后面的that从句。
如：A good idea occurred to me all at once.
It occurred to me that we should go there more often.
【拓展】occur 表示“发生，存在”相当于happen, take place; exist.react to 结构
如：The sound doesn’t occur in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce.
The accident occurred at four o’clock in the morning when people were sleeping.
take in
【原句回放】It’s a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. (P8)
【点拨】take in 表示“收留，收容（某人）；包括，包含”，还可表示“改短，缩减尺寸；欺骗，蒙骗”
如：You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.
The kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless stranger.
Can you take in this dress for me? It’s too loose round the waist.
My mother was taken in by the businessman’s offers of marriage and stupidly gave him most of her money.
【拓展】相关短语:take out: 带走，拔掉， take off: 脱掉，起飞；take over :接任，接管； take up: 从事于，占据； take on: 呈现，承担。
如：The nursery teacher often leads her children to watch aircrafts take off or land.
He took up art while at school.
a great many
【原句回放】Some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. (P8)
【点拨】a great many 表示“许多，大量的”，修饰可数名词，也用作a good many.如:
At first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below.
A great many visitors came here every year.
【拓展】表示“许多，大量的”词可以分为以下三种：
My mother was taken in by the businessman’s offers of marriage and stupidly gave him most of her money.
【拓展】相关短语:take out: 带走，拔掉， take off: 脱掉，起飞；take over :接任，接管； take up: 从事于，占据； take on: 呈现，承担。
如：The nursery teacher often leads her children to watch aircrafts take off or land.
He took up art while at school.
a great many
【原句回放】Some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. (P8)
【点拨】a great many 表示“许多，大量的”，修饰可数名词，也用作a good many.如:
At first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below.
A great many visitors came here every year.
【拓展】表示“许多，大量的”词可以分为以下三种：
①后面既可以跟可数名词也可以跟不可数名词的词组有：
a lot of = lots of，plenty of，a wealth of，quantities of
②后面只能跟可数名词的词组有many, a (large / good) number of = numbers of，scores of ,a great/ good many
③后面只能跟不可数名词的词组有much, a great / good deal of，a (large / great) quantity of
如：They spent quantities of money on building a huge bridge.
We have learned a great deal of valuable experience from them.
重点句型
【it作形式主语】
【原句回放1】It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. (P2)
【原句回放2】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no … … (P3)
【点拨】此两句中的 It 都是形式主语代替后面的that 从句。
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚
a lot of = lots of，plenty of，a wealth of，quantities of
②后面只能跟可数名词的词组有many, a (large / good) number of = numbers of，scores of ,a great/ good many
③后面只能跟不可数名词的词组有much, a great / good deal of，a (large / great) quantity of
如：They spent quantities of money on building a huge bridge.
We have learned a great deal of valuable experience from them.
重点句型
【it作形式主语】
【原句回放1】It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. (P2)
【原句回放2】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no … … (P3)
【点拨】此两句中的 It 都是形式主语代替后面的that 从句。
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚
轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
如：It is very important to learn a foreign language.
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
常见考点：
①it作形式主语指代that从句, 常见的类似句型有：It is said/ reported/ hoped/ believed/ suggested that…… “据说/ 据报道/ 人们希望/ 人们相信/人们建议……”,注意区别as引导的非限制性定语从句，其中间用逗号隔开，as 可用于句首或句中；而it作形式主语只能用于句首。
如: As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. （as引导非限制性定语从句，指代一件事）It has been announced that we shall have our final exams next month.( it 作形式主语)
②it作形式主语时，在名词good/ use后用来代替-ing形式，即“It is no good /use doing……”意为“做某事是没有用处的”。
如：It is very important to learn a foreign language.
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.
It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.
常见考点：
①it作形式主语指代that从句, 常见的类似句型有：It is said/ reported/ hoped/ believed/ suggested that…… “据说/ 据报道/ 人们希望/ 人们相信/人们建议……”,注意区别as引导的非限制性定语从句，其中间用逗号隔开，as 可用于句首或句中；而it作形式主语只能用于句首。
如: As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. （as引导非限制性定语从句，指代一件事）It has been announced that we shall have our final exams next month.( it 作形式主语)
②it作形式主语时，在名词good/ use后用来代替-ing形式，即“It is no good /use doing……”意为“做某事是没有用处的”。
如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
③句型It is ＋ adj. for sb. to do sth 中，若形容词是kind, good， nice, foolish,stupid, clever,selfish，wise等用来表示人物品质或性格特征时常用of 而不用for，如：It’s foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test, as a result, he got punished.
It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
④It is/was important (necessary, desirable, advisable .....) that ... ..。在这个句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”或“should have+过去分词”。
如：It is important that we should speak politely.
It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
③句型It is ＋ adj. for sb. to do sth 中，若形容词是kind, good， nice, foolish,stupid, clever,selfish，wise等用来表示人物品质或性格特征时常用of 而不用for，如：It’s foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test, as a result, he got punished.
It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.
④It is/was important (necessary, desirable, advisable .....) that ... ..。在这个句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”或“should have+过去分词”。
如：It is important that we should speak politely.
It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.
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