药物引起过敏性休克应急处理流程英语
    Emergency Management Protocol for Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis.
    Introduction.
    Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Drug-induced anaphylaxis is a specific type of anaphylaxis triggered by the administration of a medication. It can manifest as a range of symptoms, including respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse, and skin reactions. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications and fatalities.
    Emergency Management.
    1. Recognize and Assess the Situation.
    Identify signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as:
        Respiratory distress (wheezing, shortness of breath)。
        Cardiovascular instability (hypotension, tachycardia)。
        Skin reactions (hives, flushing, angioedema)。
        Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
        Anxiety, confusion.
    Confirm the suspected allergen (drug) based on patient history or witness reports.
    2. Discontinue Medication.
    Immediately stop administering the suspected offending drug.
    Remove the patient from the source of the allergen.
    3. Establish Airway and Breathing.
    Ensure the patient's airway is open and unobstructed.
    Administer oxygen via nasal cannula or face mask.
    If necessary, consider endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
    4. Manage Cardiovascular Function.
    Establish intravenous access with large-bore catheters.
    Administer epinephrine (adrenaline) 0.3-0.5 mg IM or subcutaneously, repeated every 5-15 minutes as needed.
    Provide fluids and vasopressors (e.g., phenylephrine, vasopressin) to maintain blood pressure.
    5. Treat Allergic Reactions.
    Administer antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine, loratadine) to block histamine release.
    Consider corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone, dexamethasone) to reduce inflammation.
    6. Monitor and Reassess.
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    Closely monitor the patient's vital signs and clinical status.
    Reassess the response to treatment and adjust management accordingly.
    Consider additional measures such as nebulized bronchodilators or IV epinephrine infusion for persistent respiratory distress.
    7. Transfer to Emergency Department.
    Arrange immediate transfer to an emergency department for further management and observation.
    Provide clear documentation of the event, including the suspected allergen, symptoms, treatment provided, and patient response.
    Prevention.
    Obtain a detailed medication history from patients before administering new drugs.

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