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Please note: Images will appear in color online but will be printed in black and white. ArticleTitle Synthesis of nickel picrate energetic film in a 3D ordered silicon microchannel plate through an in situ
chemical reaction
Article Sub-Title
Article CopyRight Springer Science+Business Media New York
(This will be the copyright line in the final PDF)
Journal Name Journal of Materials Science
Corresponding Author Family Name Chao
Particle
Given Name Yimin
Suffix
Division School of Chemistry
Organization University of East Anglia
Address NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
Email y.chao@uea.ac.uk
Author Family Name Zhang
Particle
Given Name Wenchao
Suffix
Division School of Chemical Engineering
Organization Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Address210094, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Email zhangwenchao303@yahoo
Author Family Name Xu
Particle
Given Name Bo
Suffix
Division School of Chemical Engineering
Organization Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Address210094, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Email
Author Family Name Wang
Particle
Given Name Lianwei
Suffix
Division Key Laboratory of Polar Material and Device, Department of Electronic
Engineering
Organization East China Normal University
Address200241, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Email
Author Family Name Wang
Particle
Given Name Xiaowei
Suffix
Division School of Chemical Engineering
Organization Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Address210094, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Email
Author Family Name Thomas
Particle
Given Name Jason A.
Suffix
Division School of Chemistry
Organization University of East Anglia
Address NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
Email
Schedule Received  6 December 2012 Revised
Accepted31 July 2013
Abstract Micro-energetic devices with energetic and functional diversity have attracted interest from scientific
communities, through features such as the integration of energetic materials into micro-electro-mechanical
systems (MEMS). In this study, the method of preparing nickel picrate energetic films on the sidewalls of a
silicon microchannel plate (Si-MCP) is presented. The Si-MCP was produced by a photoelectrochemicalreaction to a book or an article
process and a thin film of nickel (Ni) was synthesized by electroless plating of Ni on the sidewalls of the Si-
MCP. The thin film of nickel picrate was successfully produced via an in situ chemical reaction method by
introducing picric acid into the 3D ordered nickel/silicon microchannel plate (Ni/Si-MCP). Field emission
scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy were used to study the morphological and structural properties of the thin film. The results
demonstrate that picric acid reacted with Ni to form a nickel picrate thin film. Also, differential scanning
calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to characterize the thermal decomposition of the
energetic film. The approach can solve the problem of integrating organic energetic materials with MEMS
devices. Also, nickel picrate can release a mass of energy and gas simultaneously, which further enhances
the diversity of MEMS device functions.
Footnote Information
U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O F 1
23
Synthesis of nickel picrate energetic film in a 3D ordered silicon 4
microchannel plate through an in situ chemical reaction 5
Wenchao Zhang •Bo Xu •Lianwei Wang •6
Xiaowei Wang •Jason A.Thomas •Yimin Chao 7
Received:6December 2012/Accepted:31July 20138
ÓSpringer Science+Business Media New York 20139
Abstract Micro-energetic devices with energetic and 10
functional diversity have attracted interest from scientific 11
communities,through features such as the integration of 12
energetic materials into micro-electro-mechanical systems 13
(MEMS).In this study,the method of preparing nickel 14
picrate energetic films on the sidewalls of a silicon 15
microchannel plate (Si-MCP)is presented.The Si-MCP 16
was produced by a photoelectrochemical process and a thin 17
film of nickel (Ni)was synthesized by electroless plating of 18
Ni on the sidewalls of the Si-MCP.The thin film of nickel 19
picrate was successfully produced via an in situ chemical 20
reaction method by introducing picric acid into the 3D 21
ordered nickel/silicon microchannel plate (Ni/Si-MCP).22
Field emission scanning electron microscopy,Fourier 23
transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic 24
resonance spectroscopy were used to study the morpho-25
logical and structural properties of the thin film.The results 26
demonstrate that picric acid reacted with Ni to form a 27
nickel picrate thin film.Also,differential scanning calo-28
rimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to 29
characterize the thermal decomposition of the energetic 30film.The approach can solve the problem of integrating 31organic energetic materials with MEMS devices.Also,32nickel picrate can release a mass of energy and gas 33simultaneously,which further enhances the diversity of 34MEMS device functions.3536Introduction 37The world has a vast and ever growing demand for high-38capacity portable power sources,namely batteries.However,39limitations in the advancement of technology in this field 40mean that we are unable to keep up with demand.MEMS 41attempt to address this problem but have suffered from set-42backs with regards to limited energy density.This problem is 43now driving the emergence of a new class of power MEMS 44that endeavor to assuage these difficu
lties [1].Energetic 45materials can release a great quantity of heat accompanying 46abundant gas,when they are fired [2–4].They are believed to 47be one key to a great advance in power MEMS such as micro 48actuation,micro ignition,micro propulsion and other energy 49demanding microsystems.50In order to integrate energetic materials into functional 51microsystems,the compatibility of the energetic materials 52with MEMS technologies should be addressed [5].Vapor 53deposition,a technique widely used in the semiconductor 54industry to deposit thin films,has been used to deposit 55energetic materials onto a substrate.This technique has 56been used,for example,in the preparation of Al/metal and 57Al/metal-oxide thin films [6–11].However,most of the 58energetic materials mentioned above are thermites which 59have a high energy release rate,giving off abundant heat.60The minimum heat output of thermites is 1400J g -1of Al/61Ta 2O 5and the maximum reaction heat is theoretically 626200J g -1of Al/I 2O 5[12].However,not all thermites can
A1
W.Zhang ÁB.Xu ÁX.Wang A2
School of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science A3
and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,People’s Republic of A4
China A5
e-mail:zhangwenchao303@yahoo A6
L.Wang A7
Key Laboratory of Polar Material and Device,Department of A8
Electronic Engineering,East China Normal University,Shanghai A9
200241,People’s Republic of China A10
J.A.Thomas ÁY.Chao (&)A11
School of Chemistry,University of East Anglia,A12
Norwich NR47TJ,UK A13e-mail:y.chao@uea.ac.uk 123
Journal :Large 10853Dispatch :6-8-2013Pages :6Article No.:7643h LE h TYPESET
MS Code :JMSC31912h CP h DISK 4
4J Mater Sci DOI
10.1007/s10853-013-7643-8

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