chan-lam 偶联反应机理
    English Answer.
    Chan-Lam Coupling Reaction Mechanism.
    The Chan-Lam coupling reaction is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between an aryl or vinyl halide and an organozinc reagent. The reaction was first reported in 1994 by David M. Chan and Patrick Y. S. Lam, and it has since become a widely used method for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds.
reaction tool    The mechanism of the Chan-Lam coupling reaction proceeds through a series of oxidative addition, transmetallation, and reductive elimination steps. The first step is the oxidative addition of the aryl or vinyl halide to the palladium catalyst. This step is followed by transmetallation, in which the organozinc reagent transfers its organic group to the palladium complex. The final step is reductive elimination, in which the palladium complex reductively eliminates the product and regenerates the palladium catalyst.
    The Chan-Lam coupling reaction is a versatile method for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of aryl and vinyl halides, and it can be used to form a variety of products, including biaryls, alkenes, and alkynes. The reaction is also tolerant of a variety of functional groups, making it a useful tool for the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
    Chinese Answer.
    张林偶联反应机理。
    张林偶联反应是亚钯催化的芳基或乙烯基卤化物与有机锌试剂之间的交叉偶联反应。该反应最早由 David M. Chan 和 Patrick Y. S. Lam 于 1994 年报告，自此成为构建碳碳键的广泛使用的方法。
    张林偶联反应的机理通过一系列氧化加成、转金属化和还原消除步骤进行。第一步是芳基或乙烯基卤化物向钯催化剂的氧化加成。此步骤后是转金属化，其中，有机锌试剂将其有机基团转移至钯配合物。最后一步是还原消除，其中，钯配合物还原消除产物并再生钯催化剂。
    张林偶联反应是一种构建碳碳键的多用途方法。该反应与各种芳基和乙烯基卤化物相容，并且可用于形成多种产物，包括联芳烃、烯烃和炔烃。该反应还能耐受多种官能团，使其成为合成复杂有机分子的有用工具。

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