B卷　能力素养提升
【说明】　本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Since Henry Ford turned it into a mass­market product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.
Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some car­choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.
Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold­ups. “Connected cars” — which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at the wheel — can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots.
Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and stay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their on­board sensors (传感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pioneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicles can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.
In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.
语篇解读：文章主要介绍了未来的汽车。汽车给人们带来方便之余，也给人们的生活带来了许多问题，甚至威胁到了人们的生命和安全。幸运的是，一项新科技有望减少污染和拥堵，并使驾驶变得更安全。
1．According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in ________.
A．more time on the road
B．a great waste of fuel
C．even heavier traffic jams
D．increased death and injuries
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段“In some car­choked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.”可知，在一些拥挤的城市里，寻停车位所耗费的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，说明停车造成大量汽油的浪费，故选B。
2．What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Reducing traffic jams.
B．Building smart motorways.
C．Setting proper speed limits.
D．Keeping steady traffic flows.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据本段“Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行费) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知，新加坡通过使用浮动的道路通行费来疏导车流，英国也正在采取措施来取得类似的效果，故选D。
3．What is the author’s attitude towards connected cars?
A．Curious.              B．Doubtful.
C．Supportive.      D．Disappointed.
解析：选C　观点态度题。根据第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知，作者认为这种新的发明能创造出一种更有效的交通体制，在带给人们驾车的乐趣的同时，也会减少事故带来的伤痛，说明作者对这项发明是支持的，故选C。
4．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．The Future of Cars: Wireless Wheels
B．The Future Traffic Management System
C．The Benefits and Problems of Cars
D．The Promising Future of Car Production
解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to hold­ups. ’Connected cars’ — which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer ...less of the pain.”可知，文章主要讲的是未来的汽车，而不是未来的交通管理系统。故选A。
B
If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone.
The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow’s milk; eggs; wheat.
What Is a Food Allergy?
Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it’s really dangerous to you.
What’s reaction plana Reaction Like?
In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (过敏症). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at r
isk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.

版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。