拉力        tensile force
正应力      normal stress
切应力      shear stress
静水压力    hydrostatic pressure
集中力      concentrated force
分布力      distributed  force
线性应力应变关系 linear relationship between stress andstrain
弹性模量  modulus of elasticity
横向力    lateral force  transverse force
轴向力  axial force
拉应力    tensile stress
压应力    compressive stress
平衡方程  equilibrium equation
静力学方程 equations of static
比例极限  proportional limit
应力应变曲线 stress-strain curve
拉伸实验    tensile test‘
屈服应力    yield stress 
极限应力    ultimate stress
轴    shaft
梁      beam
纯剪切  pure shear
横截面积  cross-sectional area
挠度曲线  deflection curve
曲率半径  radius of curvature
曲率半径的倒数  reciprocal of radius of curvature
纵轴      longitudinal axis
悬臂梁    cantilever beam
简支梁    simply supported beam
微分方程  differential equation
惯性矩      moment of inertia
静矩      static  moment
扭矩    torque moment
弯矩    bending  moment
弯矩对x的导数  derivative of bending moment with respect to x
弯矩对x的二阶导数 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x
静定梁  statically determinate beam
静不定梁  statically indeterminate beam
相容方程  compatibility equation
补充方程  complementary equation
中性轴  neutral  axis
圆截面  circular cross section
两端作用扭矩  twisted by couples at two ends
刚体  rigid body
扭转角 twist angle
静力等效  statically equivalent
相互垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes
通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section
一端铰支  pin support at one end
一端固定 fixed at one end
弯矩图  bending moment diagram
剪力图  shear force diagram
剪力突变  abrupt change in shear force、
旋转和平移  rotation and translation
虎克定律  hook’s law
边界条件 boundary condition
reaction in the shaft初始位置 initial position、
力矩面积法 moment-area method
绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis
横坐标    abscissa
扭转刚度  torsional rigidity
拉伸刚度  tensile rigidity
剪应力的合力 resultant of shear stress
正应力的大小 magnitude of normal stress
脆性破坏    brittle fail
对称平面    symmetry plane
刚体的平衡  equilibrium of rigid body
约束力      constraint force
重力        gravitational force
实际作用力  actual force
三维力系    three-dimentional force system
合力矩      resultant moment
标量方程    scalar equation、
矢量方程    vector equation
张量方程    tensor equation
汇交力系    cocurrent system of forces
任意一点    an arbitrary point
合矢量      resultant vector
反作用力    reaction force
反作用力偶  reaction couple
转动约束    restriction against rot
ation
平动约束    restriction against translation
运动的趋势  tendency of motion
绕给定轴转动  rotate about a specific axis
沿一个方向运动 move in a direction
控制方程      control equa
tion
共线力        collinear forces
平面力系      planar force system
一束光        a beam of light
未知反力      unknown reaction forces
参考框架      frame of  reference
大小和方向    magnitude and direction
几何约束      geometric restriction
刚性连接      rigidly  connected
运动学关系    kinematical relations
运动的合成    superposition of movement
固定点      fixed point
平动的叠加  superposition of translation
刚体的角速度  angular speed of a rigid body
质点动力学    particle dynamics
运动微分方程  differential equation of motion
工程实际问题  practical engineering problems
变化率        rate of change
动量守恒      conservation of linear momentum
定性的描述  qualitative description
点线        dotted line
划线        dashed line
实线        solid  line
矢量积      vector product
点积        dot product
极惯性矩    polar moment of inertia
角速度      angular velocity
角加速度    angular acceleration
infinitesimal amount  无穷小量
definite integral    定积分
a certain interval of time 某一时间段
kinetic energy  动能
conservative  force 保守力
damping force  阻尼力
coefficient of damping 阻尼系数
free vibration    自由振动
periodic disturbance  周期性扰动
viscous force  粘性力
forced vibration  强迫震动
general solution 通解
particular solution 特解
transient solution  瞬态解
steady state solution  稳态解
second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程
external force  外力
internal force 内力
stress component 应力分量
state of stress 应力状态
coordinate axes 坐标系
conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件
body force 体力
continuum mechanics 连续介质力学
displacement component 位移分量
additional restrictions 附加约束
compatibility  conditions 相容条件
mathematical formulations 数学公式
isotropic material 各向同性材料
sufficient small  充分小
state of strain    应变状态
unit matrix  单位矩阵
dilatation strain 膨胀应变
the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量
deviator stress components 应力偏量分量
the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量
bulk modulus  体积模量
constitutive relations 本构关系
linear elastic material 线弹性材料
mathematical derivation 数学推导
a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态
Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律
directly proportional to 与……成正比
stress concentration factor 应力集中系数
state of loading 载荷状态
st venant’ principle 圣维南原理
uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸
cylindrical
coordinates 柱坐标
buckling of columns 柱的屈曲
critical value 临界值
stable equilibrium 稳态平衡
unstable equilibrium condition  不稳定平衡条件
critical load  临界载荷
a slender column 细长杆
fixed at the lower end 下端固定
free at the upper end  上端自由
critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷
potential energy 势能
fixed at both ends 两端固定
hinged at both ends 两端铰支
tubular member  管型杆件
transverse dimention  横向尺寸
stability of column 柱的稳定
axial force 轴向力
elliptical hole 椭圆孔
plane stress  平面应力
nominal stress 名义应为
principal stress directions 主应力方向
axial compression 轴向压缩
dynamic loading    动载荷
dynamic problem  动力学问题
inertia force  惯性力
resonance vibration 谐振
static states of stress 静态应力
dynamic response 动力响应
time of contact  接触时间
length of wave 波长
resonance  frequency  谐振频率

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