Electrochemical  Thermodynamics
Solid/Solid，Solid/Liquid，Liquid-Liquid junction (contact) potential
Membrane potential
Concentration Cells
Enrico Fermi  （1901－1954）
Fermi
Level
Fermi received the Nobel
Prize in 1938 for "his
discovery of new radioactive
elements produced by
neutron irradiation, and for
the discovery of nuclear
reactions brought about by
slow neutrons."
Fermi Level
the top of the collection of electron energy levels
at absolute zero temperature
E=0 (vacuum level)
E F (Fermi level)
Fermi Energy: minimum energy to remove electron from metal ----( work function ---work of escaping electron)
Metal 1Metal 2
reaction mass
CB
VB
E n e r g y

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