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(收稿日期:2022-08-30
)
富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒慢性乙肝肝纤维化的疗效
及对患者免疫功能和炎症状态的影响
赵媛1,曹耀章1,李小鹏2
延安市人民医院感染科1、药剂科2,陕西延安
716000
【摘要】目的探究富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒慢性乙肝肝纤维化疗效及对患者免疫功能和炎
症状态的影响。方法选择2018年10月至2021年10月于延安市人民医院就诊的122例慢性乙肝肝纤维化患者,采用单双球法随机分为对照组(采用富马酸丙酚替诺福韦)和观察组(采用富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒)各61例。比较两组患者前和6个月后肝功能指标[血胆红素(TBil)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白球比例(A/G)]、血清肝纤维化指标[透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(C Ⅳ)、Ⅲ前胶原(PC Ⅲ)]、肝
脏硬度值、细胞免疫功能指标(CD4+T 细胞、CD4+/CD8+T 细胞、CD8+T 细胞、CDl6+/CD56+
NK 细胞)和炎症因子水平[炎症因子转化生长因子-β1(TGF -β1)、超敏C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP -2)、白细胞介素-6(1L -6)];同时比较两组患者期间的不良反应发生情况。结果6
个月后,观察组患者的血清TBil 、ALT 、AST 、HA 、LN 、C Ⅳ、PC Ⅲ、TGF -β1、hs-CRP 、MMP -2、1L -6水平及肝脏硬度值明显低于对照组,差异均有统
计学意义(P <0.05);6个月后,观察组患者的A/G 、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CDl6+/CD56+
NK 值分别为1.03±0.09、(40.12±7.05)%、1.84±0.34、(18.59±6.06)%,明显高于对照组的0.89±0.07、(35.72±6.64)%、1.42±0.31、(15.31±4.12)%,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组患者期间均无明显不良反应。结论富马酸丙酚替诺福韦与肝爽颗粒联合慢性乙肝肝纤维化患者可抑制肝纤维化,提高免疫力,缓解炎症反应,改善患者肝功能。
【关键词】慢性乙肝;肝纤维化;肝爽颗粒;富马酸丙酚替诺福韦;肝功能;免疫功能;炎症因子
【中图分类号】R512.6+
2【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1003—6350(2023)10—1383—05Efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate combined with Ganshuang granules in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with liver fibrosis and its effects on immune function and inflammatory status of patients.ZHAO Yuan 1,CAO Yao-zhang 1,LI Xiao-peng 2.Department of Infectious Diseases 1,Department of Pharmacy 2,Yan'an People's Hospital,Yan'an 716000,Shaanxi,CHINA
【Abstract 】Objective To explore the efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate combined with Ganshuang granules in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with liver fibrosis and its effects on the immune function and inflammato-ry status of patients.Methods A total of 122patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver fibrosis who were treated in Yan'an People's Hospital from October 2018to October 2021were selected,which were randomly divided into the con-trol group (treated with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate)and observation group (treated with tenofovir alafenamide fuma-rate combined with Ganshuang granules)by the odd-even ball method,with 61patients in each group.The liver function indicators [blood bilirubin (TBil),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G)],indicators of serum liver fibrosis [hyaluronic acid (HA),laminin (LN),type Ⅳcollagen (C Ⅳ),type Ⅲprocollagen (PC Ⅲ)],liver stiffness value,cellular immune function indicators (CD4+T cell,CD4+/CD8+T cell,CD8+T cell,CD16+/CD56+NK cell),and inflammatory factors [transforming growth factor -β1(TGF -β1),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),matrix metalloproteinase -2(MMP -2),interleukin -6(IL -6)]before treatment and after
·论著·
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2023.10.004
基金项目:陕西省延安市科技攻关项目(编号:2017KS—04)。
第一作者:赵媛(1983—),女,副主任医师,研究方向:慢乙肝抗病毒,乙肝母婴阻断,肝硬化,肝癌。通讯作者:李小鹏(1986—),男,主管药师,研究方向:临床合理用药,E-mail:***********************。
慢性乙肝由感染乙型肝炎病毒引起,具有传染性,可随病情发展为肝硬化,甚至肝癌[1]。肝纤维化是由于慢性乙肝患者肝脏细胞在炎症刺激下产生损伤,慢性乙肝向肝硬化转变需要经过肝纤维化状态,因此,将慢性乙肝向肝纤维化转化过程切断,可有效预防肝硬化[2]。富马酸丙酚替诺福韦能够通过抑制病毒复制过程,阻断肝纤维化进程,且患者耐药性较低[3]。肝爽颗粒是由13种中药材研制而成的中成药,具有清热散瘀、健脾、保肝等作用,可改善肝脏循环,减轻细胞炎症反应,阻断肝内纤维组织启动,进而抑制肝纤维化[4]。目前,关于肝爽颗粒在慢性乙肝肝纤维化中的作用尚缺少临床数据支持。因此,本研究旨在探究富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒在慢性乙肝肝纤维化中疗效及其对患者免疫功能和炎症状态的影响,以期为慢性乙肝纤维化提供临床依据。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料选择2018年10月至2021年10月于延安市人民医院就诊的122例慢性乙肝肝纤维化患者作为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》[5]、《肝纤维化中西医结合诊疗指南》[6]诊断标准;(2)经瞬时弹性成像、B超、CT、MRI证实为肝纤维化者;(3)慢性乙肝病程超1年者;(4)患者及其家属均知情同意。排除标准:(1)失代偿性肝硬化、肝癌者;
(2)其他类型肝炎者;(3)6个月内接受肝纤维化或抗病毒者;(4)肝爽颗粒或富马酸丙酚替诺福韦无用药禁忌者;(5)其他严重性器官功能障碍者;(6)自身免疫性疾病者;(7)怀孕或哺乳期女性。采用单双球法随机将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组61例。两组患者的基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。本研究已获得我院伦理委员会批准。
表1两组患者的基线资料比较[x
-±s,例(%)]
Table1Comparison of baseline data between the two groups[x-±s,n(%)]
组别
观察组对照组t/χ2值P值例数
61
61
男
41(67.21)
37(60.66)
女
20(32.79)
24(39.34)
0.569
0.451
年龄(岁)
51.72±5.43
51.24±5.36
0.491
0.624
病程(年)
6.18±1.62
6.41±1.78
0.746
0.457
S1
9(14.75)
7(11.47)
S2
30(49.18)
32(52.46)
S3
18(29.51)
19(31.15)
S4
4(6.56)
3(4.92)性别肝纤维化分期
0.154
0.878
注:汇管区纤维化扩大,局限窦周及小叶内为S1期;汇管区周围纤维化,纤维间隔形成,小叶结构保留为S2期;纤维间隔伴小叶结构紊乱,无肝硬化为S3期;早期肝硬化为S4期。
Note:S1stage:The fibrosis in the portal area is enlarged but limited around the sinuses and within the lobules;S2stage:fibrosis is around the portal area with fibrous septum formation and lobule structure retained;S3stage:fibrous septum is accompanied by lobular structure disorder,without cirrhosis;S4stage:early cirrhosis.
1.2方法入院后为两组患者制定科学营养饮食计划,避免肝毒物,维持水电解质平衡,适当运动并忌酒等。对照组患者口服富马酸丙酚替诺福韦(吉利德;进口药注册证号:H20180060;规格:25mg/片)1片/次,1次/d。观察组患者在口服富马酸丙酚替诺福韦的基础上,同时口服肝爽颗粒(保定天浩制药有限公司;国药准字:Z20027671;规格:3g/袋)1袋/次,3次/d。两组疗程均为6个月。
1.3观察指标与检测方法分别于前和6个月后采集两组患者空腹静脉血10mL,3000r/min离心10min后,将上层血清保存在-70℃冰箱中备用。(1)肝功能指标:采用全自动生化分析仪(库贝尔,型号ichem-320)测定两组患者前后的血清血胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)和白球比例(albumin/globulin ra-tio,A/G)水平。(2)肝纤维化指标:采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay,ELISA)测定两组患者前后的血清透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)、层黏连蛋白(laminin,LN)、Ⅳ型胶原(collagen typeⅣ,CⅣ)、Ⅲ前胶原(precollagenⅢ,PCⅢ)水平。(3)肝硬度值:采用法国ECHOSENS FibroScan
6months of treatment,and occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After6months of treatment,the levels of serum TBil,ALT,AST,HA,LN,CⅣ,PCⅢ,TGF-β1,hs-CRP, MMP-2,IL-6,and liver stiffness value in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);the A/G,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and CDl6+/CD56+NK were1.03±0.09,(40.12±7.05)%,1.84±0.34,and(18.59±6.06)%in the observation group,significantly higher than0.89±0.07,(35.72±6.64)%,1.42±0.31,and(15.31±4.12)%in the control group;the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment.Conclusion The combination of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and Ganshuang granules can inhibit the liver fibrosis,enhance the immunity,relieve the inflammatory response,and im-prove the liver function of patients with chronic hepatitis B complicated with liver fibrosis.
【Key words】Chronic hepatitis B;Liver fibrosis;Ganshuang granules;Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate;Liver function;Immune function;Inflammatory factors
仪检测两组患者前后的肝硬度值。(4)细胞免
疫功能指标:采用流式细胞仪(Cytek,美国Cytek Biosciences公司,型号:N7-00003-0A)检测两组患
者前后的CD4+T细胞、CD4+/CD8+T细胞、CD8+ T细胞及CDl6+/CD56+NK细胞水平。(5)炎症因子:
采用ELISA检测两组患者前后的血清炎症因
子转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、白细胞介素-6(1L-6)水平。(6)不良反应:比较两组患者6个月内的发热、头痛、乏力、恶心、流感样不适等不良反应发生情况。
1.4统计学方法应用SPSS2
2.0软件对所得数
据进行统计学分析。计量资料符合正态分布,以均
值±标准差(x
-±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,肝纤维化分期采用秩和检验。以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者前后的肝功能指标比较前,两组患者的TBil、ALT、AST、A/G水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后,两组患者的TBil、ALT、AST水平均明显降低,A/G值增大,且观察组变化范围明显大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
2.2两组患者前后的肝纤维化指标比较前,两组患者的血清HA、LN、CⅣ、PCⅢ水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后,两组患者的血清HA、LN、CⅣ、PCⅢ水平均降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
表2两组患者前后的TBil、ALT、AST、A/G水平比较(x
-±s)
Table2Comparison of levels of TBil,ALT,AST,and A/G between the two groups before and after treatment(x-±s)
组别
观察组对照组t值
P值例数
61
61
前
77.23±11.55
75.67±11.84
0.737
0.463
后
37.25±8.16a
41.28±8.71a
2.637
0.009
前
248.74±55.43
257.62±56.27
0.878
0.382
后
68.48±12.85a
94.33±16.58a
9.625
0.001
前
187.67±20.57
192.36±20.35
1.266
0.208
后
83.59±19.36a
116.34±22.68a
8.578
0.001
前
0.81±0.08
0.79±0.06
1.562
0.121
后
1.03±0.09a
0.89±0.07a
9.590
0.01
TBil(μmol/L)ALT(U/L)AST(U/L)A/G
注:与同组前比较,a P<0.05。
Note:Compared with that in the same group before treatment,a P<0.05.
表3两组患者前后的HA、LN、CⅣ、PCⅢ水平比较(x
-±s,μg/L)
Table3Comparison of levels of HA,LN,CⅣ,and PCⅢbetween the two groups before and after treatment(x-±s,μg/L)
组别
观察组对照组t值
P值例数
61
61
前
238.57±45.36
251.68±46.94
1.569
0.119
后
135.51±27.82a
187.26±31.53a
9.612
0.001
前
208.49±27.39
216.74±28.62
1.627
0.106
后
128.71±29.56a
163.07±37.84a
5.589
0.001
前
131.57±16.78
128.18±15.45
1.161
0.248
后
89.43±27.59a
107.12±33.45a
3.186
0.002
前
198.54±22.78
192.37±22.43
1.507
0.134
后
128.47±37.41a
163.84±39.25a
5.095
0.001
HAl LN CⅣPCⅢ
注:与同组前比较,a P<0.05。
Note:Compared with that in the same group before treatment,a P<0.05.
2.3两组患者前后的肝脏硬度值比较前,两组患者的肝脏硬度值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后,两组患者的肝脏硬度值降低,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表4。
2.4两组患者前后的免疫细胞水平比较前,两组患者的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CDl6+/CD56+NK
比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后,两组患者的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CDl6+/CD56+NK明显升高,CD8+水平降低,且观察组变化范围明显大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表5。
2.5两组患者前后的炎症因子水平比较前,两组患者的TGF-β1、hs-CRP、MMP-2、1L-6水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月后,两组患者的TGF-β1、hs-CRP、MMP-2、1L-6水平明显低于前,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表6。
2.6两组患者的不良反应比较两组患者期间均未见明显不良反应。
表4两组患者前后的肝脏硬度值比较(x
-±s,kPa) Table4Comparison of liver stiffness value between the two groups (x-±s,kPa)
组别观察组对照组t值
P值例数
61
61
前
17.51±3.64
17.24±3.56
0.414
0.679
后
10.36±2.52a
13.72±2.87a
6.871
0.001
注:与同组前比较,a P<0.05。
乙肝检测结果是reactiveNote:Compared with that in the same group before treatment,a P<0.05.
3讨论
肝纤维化主要由炎症刺激和肝细胞坏死导致,当肝细胞受到外界刺激时,会引发肝细胞破损、病变和坏死,进而诱导纤维结缔组织增生,形成肝纤维化[7]。目前,临床上主要通过抗病毒和抑制炎症反应或脂质过氧化反应等手段慢性乙肝纤维化。富马酸丙酚替诺福韦因抗病毒性较强、骨肾安全性高、转氨酶恢复率高、耐药性低等受到医学界的广泛关注[8]。肝爽颗粒由党参、白芍、柴胡等中草药组成,其有效成分能够通过mTOR 信号通路抑制肝星状细胞活性,阻断肝纤维化进程[9]。
TBi 、ALT 、AST 、A/G 是评估肝功能的常规指标,TBi 可反映胆红素代谢及胆汁淤积情况;ALT 、AST 反映肝实质损害状况;A/G 反映肝脏合成功能[10]。肝细胞组织外基质主要合成Ⅳ胶原、HA 和LN 等,故血清PC Ⅲ、HA 、C Ⅳ、LN 水平可以反映肝纤维化程度[11]。肝脏间质基底膜由C Ⅳ构成,血清C Ⅳ水平升高,说明肝脏胶原合成增多,肝纤维化加重[12]。PC Ⅲ由肝细胞合成,肝硬化早期主要表现为PC Ⅲ水平升高,发生肝硬化时,肝窦内皮细胞间隙出现LN 积累[13-14]。本研究发现,6个月后,观察组TBil 、ALT 、AST 、HA 、LN 、C Ⅳ及PC Ⅲ水平低于对照组,A/G 值高于对照组,提示富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒可以改善患者肝功能,抑制肝纤维化进程,与刘莉等[15]的研究一致。分析原因可能是肝爽颗粒中柴胡皂苷能够抑制细胞外基质合成Ⅳ胶原、HA 和LN ,抑制肝纤维化进程,党参可有效抑制缺氧引起的血小板活化,抑制血小板聚积,改善肝脏循环,增强纤维组织降解。
机体感染乙肝病毒感后,CD8+T 细胞被激活,破坏肝细胞;CD4+T 细胞则启动机体细胞免疫功能杀灭乙
肝病毒[16]。已有研究证明富马酸丙酚替诺福韦能够维持T 淋巴细胞亚稳定,提高慢性乙肝肝纤维化患者免疫力[17]。肝星状细胞合成的TGF -β1可通过Smad2/3通路激活纤维细胞,使胶原沉积;MMP -2调节胶原降解酶活性,与肝纤维化呈正相关;IL -6是细胞炎症因子,可诱导肝细胞损伤,加速肝纤维化发展;hs-CRP 是急症急反应时期标志性蛋白,也是慢性乙肝发病因素之一[18]。本研究结果表明,观察组患者免疫细胞水平高于对照组,TGF -β1、hs-CRP 、MMP -2、IL -6水平低于对照组,提示富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒可增强患者免疫力,降低机体炎症反应。这可能是因为富马酸丙酚替诺福韦联合肝爽颗粒具有抗病毒作用,同时维持了T 淋巴细胞亚的动态平衡,提高患者免疫力。此外,肝爽颗粒中活血化瘀成分能够改善肝脏循环,缓解炎症反应,增加肝细胞供氧和营养支持,抑制肝细胞坏死,促进肝细胞修复,加快纤维组织降解,最终达到抗纤维化作用。
综上所述,将富马酸丙酚替诺福韦与肝爽颗粒治联合有利于改善慢性乙肝肝纤维化善患者肝脏功能,同时提高患者免疫力,且无不良反应发生,安全高效。但该研究样本量较少,今后仍需扩大样本量进一步研究。
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表6两组患者前后的TGF-β1、hs-CRP 、MMP-2、IL-6水平比较(x -±s )
Table 6
Comparison of levels of TGF-β1,hs-CRP,MMP-2,and IL-6between the two groups before and after treatment (x -±s )
组别
观察组对照组t 值P 值
例数
6161
前
239.84±55.79254.62±57.581.4400.153
后152.19±37.85a 195.35±40.19a 6.1100.001
前173.28±20.43169.42±20.141.0510.295
后57.53±16.81a 82.62±19.17a 7.6860.001
前44.94±7.6845.87±7.290.6860.494
后24.33±5.12a 31.57±5.79a 7.3160.001
前38.74±6.0939.13±6.510.3420.733
后23.25±5.02a 29.86±5.64a 6.8370.001
注:与同组前比较,a P <0.05。
Note:Compared with that in the same group before treatment,a P <0.05.
TGF -β1(μg/L)hs-CRP (ng/L)MMP -2(μg/L)IL -6(ng/L)
表5两组患者前后的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CD8+、CDl6+/CD56+NK 比较(x -±s )
Table 5
Comparison of CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,CD8+,and CDl6+/CD56+NK between the two groups before and after treatment (x -±s )
组别观察组对照组t 值P 值
例数6161
前
30.28±5.7729.41±5.430.8580.393
后40.12±7.05a 35.72±6.64a 3.5480.001
前28.06±6.5527.48±6.230.5010.617
后21.76±6.57a 25.16±6.25a 3.1720.002
前1.08±0.081.07±0.080.6900.491
后1.84±0.34a 1.42±0.31a 7.1290.001
前10.89±3.0411.27±3.160.6770.500
后18.59±6.06a 15.31±4.1a 3.4930.001
注:与同组前比较,a
P <0.05。
Note:Compared with that in the same group before treatment,a P <0.05.
CD4+(%)
CD8+(%)
CD4+/CD8+
CDl6+/CD56+NK (%)
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(收稿日期:2022-10-12)
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