Table 1.
Contents and storage information.
Vybrant® CFDA SE Cell Tracer Kit
Introduction
The Vybrant® CFDA SE Cell Tracer Kit (V12883) provides a versatile and well-retained cell-tracing reagent in a convenient and easy-to-use form. The kit contains CFDA SE (carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (Figure 1); often called CFSE) in ten single-use vials. Small-scale experiments can be performed without preparing excess quantities of perishable CFDA SE stock solution. For additional convenience, we include high-quality DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and a detailed protocol.
CFDA SE passively diffuses into cells. It is colorless and nonfluorescent until its acetate groups are cleav
ed by intracellular esterases to yield highly fluorescent, amine-reactive carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. The succinimidyl ester group reacts with intracellular amines, forming fluorescent conjugates that are well-retained and can be fixed with aldehyde fixatives. Excess unconjugated reagent and by-products passively diffuse to the extracellular medium, where they can be washed away.
The dye–protein adducts that form in labeled cells are retained by the cells throughout development, meiosis, and in vivo  tracing.1 The label is inherited by daughter cells after cell division (Figure 2), or cell fusion, and is not transferred to adjacent cells in a population.2-4 Lymphocytes labeled with CFDA SE have been detected up to eight weeks after injection into mice in lymphocyte-migration studies,5 and viable hepatocytes that were similarly labeled were easily located by fluorescence microscopy even 20 days after intrahepatic transplantation.6
Before You Begin
The following protocol describes culturing cells, introducing the CFDA SE reagent into the cultured cells, and imaging the stained cells by fluorescence microscopy. For researchers who wish to analyze labeled cells and/or study cell division via flow cytometry, we recommend the excellent protocol described in reference 7. Our suggested initial conditions may require modifications because of differe
nces in cell types, culture conditions, etc. The concentration of probe for optimal staining will vary depending upon the application; we recommend testing at least a tenfold range of concentrations. In general, long-term staining (more than about three days) or the use of rapidly dividing cells will require 5–10 µM dye. Less dye (0.5–5 µM) is needed for shorter experiments, such as viability assays. To maintain normal cellular physi-ology and reduce potential artifacts from overloading, the concentration of dye should be kept as low as feasible.
Note: The CFDA SE dye reacts with amine groups and should not be used with amine-containing buffers or lysine-coated slides.
Figure 1.
Structure of carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFDA SE). MW = 557.
Figure 2. Tracking of asynchronous cell division using 5(6)-CFDA SE labeling and flow cytometry. Cell division results in sequential halving of CFDA SE fluorescence resulting in a cellular fluorescence histogram in which the peaks represent succes-
sive generations, labeled 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Materials Required but
Not Provided PBS or other suitable buffer
Aldehyde-containing fixative
Preparing the Reagent Before opening the vial, allow the product to warm to room temperature.
Prepare a 10 mM CFDA SE stock solution immediately prior to use by dissolving the contents of one vial (Component A) in 90 µL of the high-quality DMSO provided (Component B). Dilute the stock solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or other suitable buffer to the desired working concentration (0.5–25 µM).
reactive materials studiesNote: Solutions of the reagent should be used promptly.
Experimental Protocol
Labeling Adherent Cells
1.1  Grow cells on coverslips inside a petri dish filled with the appropriate culture medium.
1.2  When the cells have reached the desired density, remove the medium from the dish and add prewarmed (37°C) PBS containing the probe (see Preparing the Reagent ).
1.3  Incubate the cells for 15 minutes at 37°C.    1.4  Replace the loading solution with fresh, prewarmed medium and incubate the cultures for another 30 minutes at 37°C. During this time, CFDA SE will undergo acetate hydrolysis. If the cells are to be fixed and permeabilized, continue to Fixing and Permeabilizing.
Labeling Cells in Suspension
2.1  Centrifuge to obtain a cell pellet and aspirate the supernatant.
2.2  Resuspend the cells gently in prewarmed (37°C) PBS containing the probe (see Preparing the Reagent ).
2.3  Incubate the cells for 15 minutes at 37°C.
2.4  Re-pellet the cells by centrifugation and resuspend in fresh prewarmed medium.    2.5  Incubate the cells for another 30 minutes to ensure complete modification of the probe and then wash the cells again. If the cells are to be fixed and permeabilized, continue to Fixation and Permeabilization.
Fixing and Permeabilizing
3.1  Before fixation, the cells must be washed with PBS or other suitable buffer.    3.2  Standard fixation protocols using aldehyde-containing fixatives should effectively crosslink the amines of the protein–probe conjugate. Typically, we fix the cells for 15 minutes at room temperature using 3.7% formaldehyde.
••
3.3  After fixation, the cells should be rinsed in PBS.
3.4  If needed, cells can be permeabilized by incubating them in ice-cold acetone for 10 minutes.
Following permeabilization, the cells should be rinsed in PBS. Permeabilization is required,
for example, if the cells are to be subsequently labeled with an antibody.
Visualizing Stained Cells The approximate excitation and emission peaks of this product after hydrolysis are 492 nm
and 517 nm, respectively. Cells labeled with CFDA SE can be visualized by fluorescence
microscopy using standard fluorescein filter sets.
References
1. J Cell Biol 101, 610 (1985);
2. J Cell Biol 103, 2649 (1986);
3. J Immunol Methods 171, 131 (1994);
4. J Exp Med 184, 277 (1996);
5. J Immunol Methods 133, 87 (1990);
6. Transplant Proc 24, 2820 (1992);
7. Current Protocols in Cytometry, J. P. Robinson, Ed., (1998) pp 9.11.1-9.11.9.
Product List  Current prices may be obtained from our website or from our Customer Service Department.
Cat # Product Name Unit Size V12883 Vybrant® CFDA SE Cell Tracer Kit .................................................................................................    1 kit
Contact Information
Molecular Probes, Inc.
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Fax: (541) 335-0504
Customer Service:
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probesorder@invitrogen
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probestech@invitrogen
Invitrogen European Headquarters Invitrogen, Ltd.
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Paisley PA4 9RF, UK
Phone: +44 (0) 141 814 6100
Fax: +44 (0) 141 814 6260
Email: euroinfo@invitrogen Technical Services: eurotech@invitrogen Further information on Molecular Probes products, including product bibliographies, is available from your local distributor or directly from Molecular Probes. Customers in Europe, Africa and the Middle East should contact our off
ice in Paisley, United Kingdom. All others should contact our Technical Assistance Department in Eugene, Oregon.
Molecular Probes products are high-quality reagents and materials intended for research purposes only. These products must be used by, or directly under the supervision of, a technically qualified individual experienced in handling potentially hazardous chemicals. Please read the Material Safety Data Sheet provided for each product; other regulatory considerations may apply.
Limited Use Label License No. 223: Labeling and Detection Technology
The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and compo-nents of the product in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The buyer cannot sell or otherwise transfer (a) this product (b) its components or (c) materials made using this product or its components to a third party or oth-erwise use this product or its components or materials made using this product or its components for Commercial Purposes. The buyer may transfer information or materials made through the use of this product to a scientific collaborator, provided that such transfer is not for any Commercial Purpose, and that such collaborator agrees in writing (a) to not transfer such materials to any third part
y, and (b) to use such transferred materials and/or information solely for research and not for Commercial Purposes. Commercial Purposes means any activity by a party for consideration and may include, but is not limited to: (1) use of the product or its components in manufacturing; (2) use of the product or its components to provide a service, information, or data; (3) use of the product or its components for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (4) resale of the product or its components, whether or not such product or its components are resold for use in research. Invitrogen Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of infringement of the above patents based upon the manufacture, use or sale of a therapeutic, clinical diagnostic, vaccine or prophylactic product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used
in the manufacture of such product. If the purchaser is not willing to accept the limitations of this limited use statement, Invitrogen is willing to accept return of the product with a full refund. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Molecular Probes, Inc., Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.
Several Molecular Probes products and product applications are covered by U.S. and foreign patents
and patents pending. All names con-taining the designation ® are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Copyright 2006, Molecular Probes, Inc. All rights reserved. This information is subject to change without notice.

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