化工专业英语
Volatile:挥发性的 Semipermeable membrane:半透膜 immiscible:不相混的 Debit:把….记入借方 Credit:记入贷方Electrical potential:电势 Leaching:浸提 Extraction:萃取 Direct current:直流 Instantaneous:瞬间的 Successive:连续的 Collision:碰撞 Impeller:叶轮 Wavelet analysis:微元分析 Entrainment:夹带 Breakage:破坏Attrition:磨损 Indispensable:不可缺少的 Trajectory:轨道 Acrylic:丙烯酸 Baffle:挡板 Ruffle:滋扰 Discharge:释放 circulation flow:环流attrition:磨损 nucleation:成核 Catalytic:催化 frequency:频率shutter:快门 inertia:惯性 Pitched:倾斜的 histogram:柱状图breakdown:破坏 Unit 14 Distillation Dumped or ordered packings:乱堆或整齐堆放填料 Plate:板 Tray:塔盘 Hold-down and support plates:固定和支撑板 Fraction:馏分 Cascading:成瀑布落下,分多级进行 Reboiler:再沸器Overhead condenser: 塔顶冷凝器 Reflux:回流 Distillate:馏出物Countercurrent:逆流 Relative volatility:相对挥发度 Rectifying section:精馏段 Stripping section:提留段 Sidestream:侧线馏分 Circumvent:回避Hypothetical:假设的 Equilibrium-stage:平衡级(理论板) Tray efficiency:塔板效率 The number of hypothetical equilibrium stages required is then converted to a number actual trays by means of tray efficiencies, which describe the extent to which the performance of actual contact tray duplicates the performance of an equilibrium stage 然后理论塔板数通过塔板效率被转换成实际塔板数;塔板效率是实际塔板表现和理论塔板表现的比值。 Installation:装置 Foul:弄脏, 淤塞 Plug:堵、塞 Pot:罐 Boiler:
锅炉 Bump:暴沸 Its use usually restricted to preliminary work in which products will be held for additional separation at a later time, when most of the volatile component must be removed from the batch before it is processed further, or for similar noncritical separations. 当在进一步分离前或进行类似的非临界分离前,需要先除去大部分的挥发性组分,简单间歇蒸馏经常被用来进行初步分离,然后其产品再被进行进一步的分离。 Total reflux:全回流 Cut:馏分 Batch still:间歇蒸馏器化工专题:鼓泡反应器bubble column reactor 中文:英文:文献来源:中国学术期刊全文数据库cnki 中文数据库:英文数据库: Springer LINK数据库 Socolar Open Access一站式外文电子期刊检索平台要求:综述,800-1000字,至少引用5篇英文文献 Haematite:赤铁矿 Consistency:浓度 Deviation:偏差Classifier:分级器分粒器 Postulate:假定 Ejector:喷射器 denote:指示Power:指数 least square method:最小二乘法 specific gravity bottle:比重瓶 above limit:上限 rectangular graph paper:坐标纸 Unit 17 Chemical reaction engineering Inconsequential:不重要的 Fluid mechanics:流体力学 Synthesis:综合 The design of chemical reactors is probably the one activity which is unique to chemical engineering, and it is probably this function more than anything else which justifies the existence of chemical engineering as a distinct branch of engineering. 化学反应器设计是一种区别于化学工程的行为,但和任何其它的行为相比,它的特性更可能使化学工程成为一个工程的分支。 Magnitude:量级 Dichloroethane:三氯乙烷homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction: 均相和非均相反应 Overriding:最重要的 immiscible:不相混的 Nitration:硝化 Toluene:甲苯 Benzene:苯Emulsion polymerization:
乳液聚合 Amine:胺 Platinum:铂 Reduction:还原Agitate: 搅拌 Jacket:夹套 Coil:螺旋管 Flask:烧瓶 packed bed reactor:
固定床反应器 Fluidized bed:流化床 Pigment:颜料 Dyestuff:染料 * * * * * * * * 崔洪涛化学生物理工学院化工英语阅读 Unit 1 Chemical industry Stand germany in good stead:使德国得到很大的好处 The lion’s share:最大的份额 Intermediate:中间体 The difficulty comes in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of activities. 在这个生产过程中,区分哪些属于化学工业活动是困难的。 ?-blocker: ?阻断药 Crease-resistant:抗皱的Non-iron免熨烫的 Weathering:侵蚀 All weather:全天候 Pitch;沥青Commitment:投入 Unit 2 Research and development We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, rather than the industrial, chemist then these would be basic, fundamental background or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds. Academic: 学术的 Synthesis:合成在随后的段落中,我们可以挑选出很多研究开发行为的领域。如果这些是学术性化学家而不是工业化学家所从事的研究开发行为,那么这些行为将是基础、开创性的研究和新化合物的合成。
Exploratory:开创性的 Blue sky:高高在上的,基本的 Unit 3 Typical activities of chemical engineers Constant temperature bath: 恒温水浴Reactant:反应物 Distillation column:蒸馏塔 Scale up:放大 C
hemistry:化学原理 Civil:土木 Metallurgical:冶金 Piping:管道 Utility:公用物质Pilot plant:中试厂 Flow sheet:流程图 Corrosion allowance:腐蚀裕度Logistic:后勤保障 Startup:开车 Initial commissioning:交工式运转 Shift work:换班工作 Inventory:详细目录 Spare part:备件 Unit 5 Basic Chemicals Consolidation: 巩固、合并 May well: 可能 Swap: 交换 The industry will move more to serving the rest of the chemical industry and less to serving
the farming industry. 工业将趋向于服务化学工业的其余部分,而不是农业。
Another threat is the perceived environmental messiness of many large-scale processes. Perceived: 感觉到的 Messiness: 凌乱不整洁困境另一个威胁是很多大规模工艺所已经面临的环境困境。 The industry may well see increased consolidation as ~~~ 化学工业可能会日益巩固,当~~~The drive to increased recycling and the ideal of emission-free plants will be a major factor influencing the development of the industry in the next decade. 增加回收利用的动力和无废物排放工厂的理想在下个十年里是影响工业发展的主要因素。 Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes Bulk chemical industry: 大化工 The segment is normally taken to include~~~~. 氯碱工业包括~~~。 Ever since:从那时到现在自从 The peculiar economics of electrolytic processes mean that you have to make chlorine and caustic soda together in a fixed ratio whatever the relative demand for the two totally different types of product, and this causes swings in the price of caustic soda which can render soda-ash more or less freactor types
avorable as an alkali. Swing:波动 Render:呈递, 归还, 着, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施按照固定的比率生产氯和苛性钠而不论这两个完全不同类型的产品的相对需求,这种电解工艺的特殊经济特性会造成苛性钠的价格波动,这会偏向于用纯碱作为碱。翻译长句子的规则和经验: 1.抓住长句子中的主句,一般是长句子中的第一句。其它部分是围绕主句展开的。 2.搞清楚其它部分的主语是指的主句中的哪个部分,或者是修饰主句中的哪一部分,或和主句有什么关系。 4.在清楚关系后,先翻译主句,然后根据主句翻译其它部分,再理顺他们之间的关系,相互关联翻译,不要独立于其它部分之外翻译。
5.不要按照字面翻译,而要意译,翻译流畅而要忠于原文原意。 3.搞清楚从句之间的关系,是否后一从句和前一从句是从属关系,和主句又有和关系。
Readily:容易地 Brine:盐水 Limestone:石灰石 Ready:有准备的, 准备完毕的, 甘心的, 情愿的, 现成的, 迅速的 Complex:复杂,合成物,络合物,联合企业Laid down Lay down : 放下形成 Laid down over geological time by various marine organisms. Over:在...期间, 在...时间内 Geological time:地质时期在一段地质时期内由海洋生物形成的。 About 40% of the output of the lime industry goes into steel-making, where it is Used to react with the refractory silica present in iron ore to give a fluid slag which Floats to the surface and is easily separated from the liquid metal. 大约40%的石灰工业的产出投入到钢铁的制造中,它被用来和铁矿石中的高熔点的氧化硅反应形成液渣浮到液体金属的表面并被容易的分离出来。 Remotely:遥远地, 偏僻地非常地 Strength:浓度 Ammonia absorber: 氨吸收器 Nominal
ly: 微少的 The process , which was perfected by ernest solvay in 1865, is based on the precipitation of NaHCO3 when an anmmoniated solution of salt is carbonated with CO2 from a coke-fired lime kiln. 于1865年被ernest solvay完善的这个工艺,是基于氨化的盐溶液和焦炭煅烧的石灰窑中产生的二氧化碳所形成的碳酸反应生成碳酸氢钠沉淀。 Debatable: 成问题的,可争辩的Light soda-ash: 轻质纯碱 These are used by industries that need the liquid sodium, mainly in the production of tetra-alkyl lead petroleum additives, though the petroleum additive companies are diversifying and other uses may appear. Diversify:使多样化这些(指钠和氯)被需要液体钠的工业所使用,尽管石油添加剂公司正在多样化它们的产品,钠的其它用途也许会出现,但是它主要用来生产石油添加剂四烷基铅。 Memberance cells are really the only technology that is viable for new capacity in modern plants, but a large amount of old capacity still exists and many companies have not found it economical to replace even their mercury cells, despite the
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