SBR污水处理工艺
摘要：近几年来，随着我国经济的迅速发展，对环境所造成的污染也不断加剧。因此，污水处理厂日益加重。现今，污水处理有AB法、SBR法、A2O法、UASB
法等工艺。
一、SBR工艺
SBR是一种间歇式的活性泥泥系统，其基本特征是在一个反应池内完成污水的生化反应、固液分离、排水、排泥。可通过双池或多池组合运行实现连续进出水。SBR通过对反应池曝气量和溶解氧的控制而实现不同的处理目标，具有很大的灵活性。SBR池通常每个周期运行4-6小时，当出现雨水高峰流量时，SBR 系统就从正常循环自动切换至雨水运行模式，通过调整其循环周期，以适应来水量的变化。SBR系统通常能够承受3-5倍旱流量的冲击负荷。
二、SBR工艺具有以下特点：
（1）SBR工艺流程简单、管理方便、造价低。SBR工艺只有一个反应器，不需要二沉池，不需要污泥回流设备，一般情况下也不需要调节池，因此要比传统活性污泥工艺节省基建投资30%以上，而且布置紧凑，节省用地。由于科技进步，目前自动控制已相当成熟、配套。这就使得运行管理变得十分方便、灵活，
很适合小城市采用。
（2）处理效果好。SBR工艺反应过程是不连续的，是典型的非稳态过程，但在曝气阶段其底物和微生物浓度变化是连续的(尽管是处于完全混合状态中)，随时间的延续而逐渐降低。反应器内活性污泥处于一种交替的吸附、吸收及生物降解和活化的变化过程之中，因此处理效果好。
（3）有很好的除磷脱氮效果。SBR工艺可以很容易地交替实现好氧、缺氧、厌氧的环境，并可以通过改变曝气量、反应时间等方面来创造条件提高除磷脱氮效率。
（4）污泥沉降性能好。SBR工艺具有的特殊运行环境抑制了污泥中丝状菌的生长，减少了污泥膨胀的可能。同时由于SBR工艺的沉淀阶段是在静止的状态下进行的，因此沉淀效果更好。
（5）SBR工艺独特的运行工况决定了它能很好的适应进水水量、水质波动。
三、污水处理
1.格栅
格栅由一组平行的金属栅条或筛网制成，安装在污水管道、泵房集水井的进口处或污水处理厂的端部，用以截留较大的悬浮物或漂浮物，以便减轻后续处理构筑物的处理负荷，并使之正常运行。
2.曝气沉砂池
曝气沉砂池是一长形渠道，沿渠壁一侧的整个长度方向，距池底60-90cm处安设曝气装置，在其下部设集砂斗，池底有i=0.1-0.5的坡度，以保证砂粒滑入。由于曝气作用，废水中有机颗粒经常处于悬浮状态，砂粒互相摩擦并承受曝气的剪切力，砂粒上附着的有机污染物能够去除，有利于取得较为纯净的砂粒。在旋流的离心力作用下，这些密度较大的砂粒被甩向外部沉入集砂槽，而密度较小的有机物随水流向前流动被带到下一处理单元。另外，在水中曝气可脱臭，改善水质，有利于后续处理，还可起到预曝气作用。
3.厌氧池
为了使管渠和构筑物正常工作，不受废水高峰流量或浓度变化的影响，需在
废水处理设施之前设置调节池。
对于有些反应，如厌氧反应对水质、水量和冲击负荷较为敏感，所以对于工业废水适当尺寸的调节池，对水质、水量的调节是厌氧反应稳定运行的保证。调节池的作用是均质和均量，一般还可考虑兼有沉淀、混合、加药、中和和预酸化等功能。
4.SBR反应池
SBR法具有比其他好氧处理法效果好，占地面积小，投资省。SBR是序批式间歇活性污泥法的简称。该工艺由按一定时间顺序间歇操作运行的反应器组成。其运行操作在空间上是按序排列、间歇的。
污水连续按顺序进入每个池，SBR反应器的运行操作在时间上也是按次序排列的。SBR工艺的一个完整的操作过程，也就是每个间歇反应器在处理废水时的操作过程，包括进水期、反应期、沉淀期、排水排泥期、闲置期五个阶段。这种操作周期是周而复始进行的，以达到不断进行污水处理的目的。对于单个的SBR反应器来说，在时间上的有效控制和变换，即达到多种功能的要求，非常灵活。
5.接触消毒池
城市污水经过一级或二级处理后，水质改善，细菌含量也大幅度减少，但其绝对值仍很可观，并有存在病源菌的可能。因此，污水排入水体前应进行消毒，特别是医院、生物制品以及屠宰场等有致病菌污染的污水，更应严格消毒。四、结束语
reactor4
总之，保证市政给排水工程的施工质量对城市的正常运转、城市功能的充分发挥、道路的恢复情况、汛期的安全等都有着至关重要的作用，只有加强每一个环节的质量控制与管理，才能防止各种质量通病的发生，提升市政排水管道工程
的施工质量。
One,SBR process
SBR is an intermittent activity clay system,its basic features are completed in a reaction tank effluent biochemical reactions,solid-liquid separation,drainage,mud. Pool or pond can be a combination of double continuous running out of water.SBR reaction tank through aeration and dissolved oxygen control and achieve different treatment goals,with great flexibility.SBR tank usually runs4-6hours each cycle, the peak flow occurs when rainwater,SBR system will automatically switch from the normal circulation to the rainwater run mode,by adjusting its cycle,in order to adapt to changes in the water.SBR system is usually able to withstand shock loads3-5 times drought traffic.
Two,SBR process has the following characteristics:
(1)SBR process is simple,easy to manage,low cost.SBR process is only one reactor,no secondary sedimentation tank,no sludge return equipment,under normal circumstances do not need to adjust the pool,thus saving than conventional activated sludge process infrastructure investment by more than30%,and the compact layout, save land.Due to advances in technology,the current automatic control has been quite mature,supporting.This makes the operation and management has become very convenient and flexible,it is suitable for small cities to adopt.
Good(2)treatment effect.SBR process is not continuous reaction process,is typical of non-steady state process,but in the aeration phase change its substrate and microbial concentrations are continuous(albeit in a completely mixed state),with the continuity of time and gradually reduced.Activated sludge reactor in an alternating adsorption,absorption and biological degradation and changes in the activation process,and therefore good effect.
(3)have a good effect of phosphorus and nitrogen removal.SBR process can be easily achieved alternating aerobic,anoxic,anaerobic environment,and by changing the amount of aeration,reaction time and other aspects to create conditions to improve the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
(4)good sludge settling properties.Special operating environment SBR process has inhibited the growth of filamentous bacteria in sludge,reducing the possibility of sludge bulking.And because the precipitation stage SBR process is carried out in the stationary state,and therefore better sedimentation effect.
(5)SBR process unique operating conditions determined adapts well to water quantity,water quality fluctuations.
Three,Sewage
1grill
Grille consists of a set of parallel metal fences or screen made of installed sewers,pumping stations at the inlet ends sump or sewage treatment plants for retention of suspended solids or larger floating debris,in order to reduce processing load subsequent processing structures,and make it function properly.
2aerated grit chamber
Aerated grit chamber is an elongated channel along the entire length of the canal
wall on one side,60-90cm from the bottom of the install aeration device,located in the lower part of the sand bucket set,the bottom has i=0.1-0.5slope to ensure sand slide.Since the aeration wastewater organic particles in suspension frequently,and subjected to rubbing sand aeration shearing force on the sand adhering organic pollutants can be removed,which is conducive to a more pure sand.The centrifugal force of the swirling flow,the larger the density of the sand thrown to the outside of the sand sunk groove set,the smaller the density of organic matter with the water flow is brought forward to the
next processing unit.In addition,water aeration can be deodorized,improve water quality,conducive to subsequent treatment,can also play
a role in pre-aeration.
3.Anaerobic tank
Drainage pipes and structures in order to make work properly,without affecting peak wastewater flow or concentration,need to be set before the conditioning tank wastewater treatment facilities.
For some reactions,such as anaerobic reactor for water quality,quantity and impact loads are more sensitive,so the appropriate size for the regulation of industrial waste water tank,water quality,water quantity regulation is to ensure the stable operation of the anaerobic reactor.Regulation pool is homogeneous and the role of both the amount of precipitation in general can be considered both,mixing,dosing, neutralization and pre-acidification and other functions.
4.SBR reaction tank
SBR method is better than other aerobic treatment effect,small footprint,low investment.SBR is referred to as the sequencing batch activated sludge process.The process sequence of the intermittent
operation at a predetermined time to run the reactor components.The running operation is spatially arranged sequentially, intermittently.
Continuous sequence of sewage into each pool,SBR reactor running operations on time is also arranged in sequence.A complete operation of the SBR process,that is,each operation of a batch reactor in the waste water treatment process,including the water of the reaction period,the precipitation period,the drainage of the mud,the idle period of five stages.This cycle of operation cycle is carried out,in order to achieve continuous sewage treatment.For a single SBR reactor,the effective control and change over time,that meet the requirements of a variety of functions,very flexible.
5.Touch pool disinfection
Urban sewage after primary or secondary treatment,water quality improvement, but also significantly reduce bacterial content,but its absolute value is still considerable,and the presence of pathogenic bacteria possible.Therefore,should be disinfected before water is discharged into water bodies,especially hospitals, slaughterhouses and other biological products and sewage contamination of pathogenic bacteria,should be strictly disinfected.

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