二甲四氯生产工艺流程英语
    Process Flow of Perchloroethylene Production.
    Perchloroethylene (PERC), also known as tetrachloroethylene, is a colorless, non-flammable, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. It is primarily used as a solvent for dry cleaning, as a metal degreaser, and as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
    The production of PERC involves a series of chemical reactions starting from ethylene. The following is a detailed overview of the process flow:
    1. Chlorination of Ethylene.
    The first step in PERC production is the chlorination of ethylene. In this process, ethylene gas (C2H4) is reacted with chlorine gas (Cl2) in a chlorination reactor at high temperature and pressure. The reaction occurs in the presence of a catalyst, typically iron chloride (FeCl3), which facilitates the addition of chlorine atoms to the ethylene molecule. The reactio
n produces a mixture of various chlorinated ethylenes, including 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and PERC.
    2. Separation of Chlorinated Ethylenes.
    The product stream from the chlorination reactor is then sent to a series of distillation columns to separate the different chlorinated ethylenes. The distillation is based on the differences in boiling points of the compounds. The lighter components, such as DCE and TCE, are separated from the heavier PERC. The PERC-rich stream is further purified by additional distillation to remove any remaining impurities.
    3. Dehydrochlorination of PERC.reactor4
    In this step, PERC is subjected to a dehydrochlorination reaction, which involves the removal of one hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule from the PERC molecule. The reaction is carried out in a dehydrochlorination reactor at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst, typically potassium hydroxide (KOH) or calcium oxide (CaO). The reaction produces trichloroethylene (TCE) and HCl gas.
    4. Separation of TCE and HCl.
    The product stream from the dehydrochlorination reactor is then sent to another series of distillation columns to separate TCE from HCl gas. The TCE is recycled back to the chlorination step to produce more PERC, while the HCl gas is recovered and used in other industrial processes, such as the production of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
    5. Purification of PERC.
    The PERC obtained from the dehydrochlorination step is further purified by additional distillation to remove any remaining impurities, such as other chlorinated ethylenes, water, and organic compounds. The purified PERC meets the required specifications for use in various industrial applications.
    Overall Reaction.
    The overall reaction for the production of PERC from ethylene can be represented as follows:
    C2H4 + 4Cl2 → C2Cl4 + 4HCl.
    Environmental Considerations.
    The production of PERC involves the use of hazardous chemicals, such as chlorine and HCl, and generates waste streams that require proper treatment and disposal. It is important to implement appropriate environmental controls and adhere to industry standards to minimize the impact on the environment.

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