国际贸易实务英文名词解释（英to英）
What’s International Trade?
The international  trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in  one country for goods and services produced
in another country.
EXPORTING
Exporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.
EXW
EXW means  the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s  premises  (法定地址) or another named place. The seller doesn’t not declare the goo
ds for export and he needn’t  load goods on any collecting vehicle.
FAS
Free alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment.
FOB
Free on Board means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. This means  that the buyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point. The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export.
CFR
    Cost and freight  means that the seller delivers when the goods pass ship’s rail at the named port of shipment
CIF
    CIF means that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additional that he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pay the insurance premium.
FCA, Free carrier (…Named place)
It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When, according to commercial practices, the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier, the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expenses.
CPT, Carriage paid to (…named place of destination) 运费付至（…指定目的地）
 It means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destinat
ion, the risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.for the sale
CIP, Carriage and insurance paid to (…named place of destination) 运费保险费付至（…指定目的地）
It means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of, loss of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.  The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.         
DES, Delivered Ex Ship(…named port of destination) 船上交货（…指定目的港）
It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved in bringing the goods there.
DEQ, Delivered ex Quay(…names port of destination) 码头交货（…指定目的港）
It means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved on bringing the goods there.
DDU, Delivered Duty Unpaid (…named place of destination) 未完税交货（…指定目的地）
It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there, as well as the cost and risk of carrying out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any risks caused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time.
DDP，Delivered Duty Paid(…named place of destination)完税后交货（…指定目的地）
It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the risk
s and costs including duties, taxes and other charges for delivering the goods, clearing for importation. It represents the maximum obligation borne by the seller. 
DAF, Delivered At Frontier (…named place) 边境交货（…指定地点）
It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point of place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the country named in the sales contract.
Quality of goods
The quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods, such as shape, structure, color, flavors well as chemical composition, physical and mechanical property, biological feature, etc.In international trade, quality of the goods not only concerns the value in use and the price of the goods, but also concerns the sales of the goods and credit standing of the manufacturer.

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