科技英语的特点及处理方法
1、被动语态多
由于科技英语的主要目的是表述科学发现、科学事实、实验报告和各类说明等，故以客观陈述为主。这样的特点，就使得科技英语大量使用被动语态。如：
Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance.
电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板中。这样的装置称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就称为电容。
2、使用名词多
科技英语中使用名词多主要体现在以下两个方面：
1）名词作前置定语。名词或多个名词作前置定语是科技英语非常普遍的现象。如：
production test 生产试验
water pressure test 水压试验
voltage output converter 电压输出转换器
a zero-center current meter 正中零位电流表
2）使用动作性名词。这类名词大都是由动词加词缀构成。如：
To improve the urban and rural power distribution system in order to ensure safe and reliable power supply.
改进城乡的配电系统，保证安全可靠供电。
However, a large measure of credit and responsibility for good station performance rests with power station management and their operating and maintenance staff.
然而，电站的良好性能的功劳和责任在很大程度上归于电站的管理及其运行和维护人员。
3、非谓语动词多
为了叙事简洁明了，科技英语大量使用非谓语动词。如：
To produce a potential difference, the battery or generator acts as a pressure pump.
为了产生电位差，电池或发电机起着压力泵的作用。（不定式作目的状语）
The light produced is a result of the heating effect.
发出的光是热效应的一种结果。（过去分词作后置定语）
When working with electricity, one should be always careful and accurate.
工作中用到电的时候必须小心。（分词短语作时间状语）
To turn on the switch means to close the circuit.
合上开关就是闭合电路。（不定式作主语和宾语）
Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.
传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动。（动名词短语作主语）
Heating semi-conductors, we can increase their conductivity.
如果加热半导体，我们就能提高它的导电率。（分词短语作条件状语）
If closed, the electric circuit can carry a current.
如果闭合，电流即能通过。（过去分词作条件状语）
4、条件句和虚拟语气多
科技论文和文献中常常会提出条件、假设、建议和要求等。这些内容在科技英语里常常用if引导的条件句，虚拟条件句或其他形式的虚拟语气来表述。如：
If an electron moves, it produces a magnetic field.
如果电子运动的话，它就会产生磁场。（真实条件句）
If atomic energy were not under man’s control, it would be very dangerous.
如果原子能不受人类控制，那将是十分危险的。(虚拟条件句)
Without electric pressure in a semiconductor, the electron flow would not take place in it.
要是半导体没有电压，其内部就不会产生电子流。（含蓄的虚拟条件句）
Experiments demand that accurate measurements (should) be made.
试验要求计量要精确。（宾语从句是should+原形动词的虚拟形式）
5、长句子多
科技英语中复杂句子、长句子较为普遍，产生这种现象的主要原因是为了表述事物的内在联系而大量使用这种从句，尤其是定语从句等。这种现象就是我们常说的句子套句子，如：
It has been pointed out about above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.
前面已经指出：金属中电子能自由的通过金属；电子的运动形成金属中的电流；电子在热传导中起重要的作用。（例句含有三个由that引导的主语从句）
The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed which is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles for which the stator is wound.
磁阻电动机是以某一速率同步动转，该速率是由电源频率和定子绕制的极数决定的。（例句含有两个由which引导的定语从句）
The testing of a cross-field generator will be described in this section with chief reference to the tests that are normally taken on every machine before it leaves the maker’s works.
交磁发电机的试验将在本节中叙述，它主要涉及每台电机在离开制造厂前应进行的试验。（例句含有that引导的定语从句，beforereactor and boiler翻译引导的时间状语从句属于定语从句的一个分句）
6、后置定语多
在科技英语中，名词后常常有介词短语、形容词短语、分词和副词等作后置定语。这一点有时也是造成科技英语句子长的因素之一。如：
The difference of load in the day and the night has been increasing.
电网负荷的昼夜变化日益增加。（介词短语作后置定语）
As the years passed, the flow and vibration calculation programs as well as the
The air outside pressed the side in.
外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。（副词作后置定语）
The boiler is equipped with 30 tilting burners fitted for either PC or oil firing.
锅炉装有30个摆动式喷燃器，即可烧煤又可燃油。（过去分词作后置定语）
7、祈使句It…to V 或It…that（主语从句）…句型多
科技英语中，如果描述操作过程或试验过程等时，常常使用祈使句。如：
Let A be equal to B.
设A等于B。
Consider a high pressure chamber.
假如有一高压室。
科技英语中It…to V 或 It…that(主语从句)…句型较多，用来表示看法、建议、结果、发现等。在It …to V句型中，to V 代表不定式作句子的真正主语；在It…that…句型中，that引导的是主语从句。两个句型中it都是形式主语。如
It is possible to distinguish between three strategies for machine maintenance.
机器维修可分为三种方针。
It is necessary to pay special attention to certain aspects of testing procedure.
有必要特别注意试验程序的某些方面。
It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.
已经证明，感应电压是电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。
It has found that the rate of flow was improved by increasing the pressure.
曾经发现，流速可通过加大压力予以提高。
8、缩略语、数据、公式和图表多
缩略语、数据、公式和图表等多是科技英语的又一特点。如：
Main components of the IP and LP turbines are similar to those of the HP turbine.
中压和低压汽轮机的主要部件与高压汽轮机相同。
Nowadays, a. c. voltage standard classes in electric power network are 0.4,6,10,35,66,110,220,330,500kV,in the future, 750 kV, 1000kV levels and more will be developed in our country.

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