Unit 1 Nature in the balance
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
2．long adj.长的，长时间的→length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
3．survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．残存物；幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
4．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪
5．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的
1．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
①I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.不同种类
②We want more variety in our work.变化，多样性
③Apples come in a great many varieties.变种，变体
2．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式
①Father never talked about what he did for a living.生计
②Chinese is one of the most beautiful languages that is living in the world.在使用的
③He is the finest living pianist that I have ever seen.活着的
Words and Phrases
　harm n．& vt.伤害，损害
(教材P1)The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成了许多危害。
[例1]　What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?
应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？
[例2]　Too much direct sunlight will harm the plants.
过多的阳光直射会损害植物。
[造句]　他们对热带雨林造成了严重危害。
They did serious harm to tropical rainforest.
[知识拓展]
(1)do sb./sth.harm＝do harm to sb./sth.
        　    对……有害
There is no harm (in)doing sth.    做某事并无害处
(2)harmful adj.        有害的
be         对……有害
(3)harmless adj.        无害的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Walking in the air full of smog is harmful(harm)to us.
②Drinking too much does harm to your health.
③There is no harm saying(say)sorry to him first.
④We all know that smoking does(do)harm to our health.
　variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
(教材P3)The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。
[例1]　We all need variety in our diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
[例2]　I'm always pleased to try out a new variety.
我一直乐于尝试新品种。
[造句]　我们有各种款式和尺码的货品。
We stock a wide variety of styles and sizes.
[归纳拓展]
(1)a variety of＝varieties of ＝various
          各种各样的；不同种类的
(2)vary v.        变化多；变化；使多样化
        从……到……不等；
    在……到……之间变动
      随……而变动
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①For various(variety)reasons，we couldn't attend her wedding.
②Students are offered varieties(variety)of courses in this department.
③That sort of thing varies from person to person in African countries.
④The menu in the restaurant varies with the season.
[小片段助记]
I am glad that our students have varieties of questions to ask in class，and I would love to answer them in various ways.In addition，the questions vary from person to person.
　survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难
(教材P3)While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
[例1]　Is it enough to have survived for a long time?
能保存很长一段时间就足够了吗？
[例2]　I can't survive on ￡20 a week.
我每周靠20英镑难以生存。
[造句]　很多鸟死于这次严冬。
Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.
[归纳拓展]
(1)survive sth.    幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on        依靠……生活
survive       比某人多活……
(2)survival n.        生存；幸存
(3)survivor n.        生还者，幸存者
[名师点津]　survive作“幸存；幸免于难”解时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用介词in或from。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The old woman survived her own daughter by ten years.
②If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival(survive)are very small.sort of up to造句
③He is lucky to have survived(survive)the terrible accident.
　break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
(教材P3)When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当美洲豹死亡时，一小微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。
[例1]　Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
两国之间的和平谈判破裂，没有达成协议。
[例2]　The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information.
在他搜寻资料时，电脑系统突然坏了。
[造句]　塑料袋很难分解。
Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
[归纳拓展]
break up      破裂，绝交；解散；破碎
break in        闯进；打断
break into        闯入；侵占
break out        (战争、火灾、疫病等)暴发
break through      突破；冲破；有重要发现
break away from    逃脱；脱离
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It's very impolite of you to break in while we're talking.
②His house was broken(break)into last night.
③When the war broke out ，he was only four.

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