高考英语复习知识点:动词和动词词组及非谓语动词
动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点,每年必考,一般占12道题。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。以下是店铺为大家编辑的英语学习方法文章,仅供考生参考,欢迎大家阅读!
高考英语复习知识点:动词和动词词组
动词及动词短语的考查点多面广,综合性强,备受命题者青睐。
考点一、考查动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题,必须明确各个动词的词义和用法,然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.
A. hired B. dismissed
C. refused D. employed
【解析】四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与worker构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in ?economy可知,只有B项符合题意。
考点二、 考查近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题,必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。
A. injured B damaged
C. harmed D. destroyed
【解析】 这四个动词都有伤害,损害之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中受伤damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常
含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看,答案为A。
考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时,解答的关键是弄清题意,然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.
A. bought B. come
C.
thrown D. appeared
【解析】 题意为由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开。揭露,将曝光是come to light,故答案为B。
考点四、考查同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set in D. set up
【解析】分析题意为我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊。由题意可知,空缺处应该是表达;解释之意,而四个选项中只有set out有此意,故答案为A。
考点五、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. A. drop out B. come out
C. leave out D. stay out
【解析】分析题意为在20岁时,我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。从题意可知,空缺处应该是辍学之意,四个选项中,只有A项的drop out有此意,故答案为A。
sort of up to造句例Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute to B. relate to
C. attend to D. devote to
【解析】分析题意为节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。由题意可知,空缺处应该是导致之意,四个选项中,只有A项contribute to有此意,故答案为A。
考点六、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思,选出符合题意的动词短语。
例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.(2009合肥质检)
A. give out B. take in
C. show off D. carry on
【解析】分析题意为当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。由题意可知,空缺处应该是炫耀;展示之意,故答案为C。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1.(20082009学年度高二第一学期期末六校联考,英语,30)How lovely these children are!
Yeah.They______ memories of my childhood.
A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on
【解析】call out出动, 向叫喊, call for 需要,要求, call up召集, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给, call on号召, 呼吁, 约请, 访问。此句意思是他们引起了我对童年的回忆。因此选C。
【答案】C
2. (20082009学年度高二第一学期期末六校联考,英语,33)Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.
A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in; which
C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which
【解析】be addicted to 意思是对上瘾,符合题意。And 是一个并列连词,后面应该是并列句,而不是从句,因此排除B和D。be related to与有关,不符合题意,因此排除。
【答案】A
3.(山东省莒南一中20082009学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评,英语,21)
After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor
in the countryside.
A.set k k up D.set up
【解析】set out出发, 开始 take over接收, 接管take up从事 set up设立根据题意,应选C。
【答案】C
4. (江苏省扬州中学2008-2009学年度高一第二学期3月月考,英语,34)Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
A. give away B. affect with C. suffer from D. deal with
【解析】give away分发, 放弃, 泄露, affect影响及物动词, suffer from遭受 ,deal with处理。从 we are sure to overcome all difficulties.这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害,因此应选C。
【答案】C
5. (重庆市十二校2OO9年高三第一次质量调研抽测试卷,英语,32) The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers.
A.accused B.charged C.blamed D.caught
【解析】be accused of 被控告 accused与of 搭配,符合题意。 be charged with被控告charge 和with 搭配。 blame 责备。
【答案】A
6.(河南省实验中学08-09学年下期高三第二次月考,24) Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldnt an answer at once.
A. come up with B. look for C. put up with D. answer for
【解析】come up with得出答案 look for寻 put up with提出 answer for负责根据题意,应该选A.
【答案】A
7.(吉林市普通中学20082009学年度高中毕业班下学期期中复习检测,英语,18)
My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she cant make up her
mind about her future.
A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. build up
【解析】句意:我的女儿在大学里不知道学什么,对自己的未来他心里还没有底。take up开始学;开始从事。make up组成,构成;编造;pick up拾起;学到;获得;build up逐步建立;增强。
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