1
Unit 2 Mixed feelings
Active Reading 1  How empathy unfolds
I. Warming-up exercises
1. Look at the following pictures and describe the emotion shown in each picture.
2. Discuss the question: Do you sometimes try to hide your emotions? Why or why not?
3. Skim the text, and find out the definition of empathy and sympathy in the passage.
Empathy  originates from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. (Para. 3)
Sympathy  is felt for the general plight of another with no sharing of what that other person is feeling.
4. Now decide whether the feelings or actions described below are a result of Sympathy  (S) or Empathy (E).    sending a card to someone who is in hospital
feeling happy because your friend has won a scholarship to a prestigious university
trying to comfort someone who has had bad news
reacting physically when you see that someone is in pain
collecting money to help the victims of a natural disaster
crying at the end of a film
Summary: Sympathy= I can understand your pain.
Empathy= I feel your pain.
II. Text Organization
Cf. ppt.
III. Comprehending the text
1. What did Hope do when she saw another baby fall?
Tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother. 2. Why did Michael give his teddy bear to Paul?
He did it to comfort Paul. 3. Who observed and recorded these actions?
The babies‟ mothers observed and recorded these actions. 4. When do psychologists believe that humans begin to experience empathy?
They believe that humans begin to experience empathy virtually from the day they are born. 5. Which example shows that babies sometimes don‟t realize they aren‟t the ones who are suffering?
The example of babies who imitate the distress of someone else. 6. When was the word empathy first used in English to  describe such reactions?
The word empathy  was first used in English in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener. 7. Why was the word sympathy not appropriate?
It is not appropriate because sympathy is felt for the general plight of another with no sharing of what that other person is feeling; empathy means actually sharing or imagining another person‟s feelings.
8. 8. At what age do children start to distinguish other people‟s feelings f At what age do children start to distinguish other people‟s feelings f At what age do children start to distinguish other people‟s feelings from their own? rom their own?
Around two and a half, children start to distinguish other people‟s feelings from their own.
9. How can parents increase feelings of empathy in their children?
They can increase feelings of empathy in children by calling strong attention to the distress their misbehavior caused someone else.
Ⅳ
Words & Expressions  empathy
n . [U] the ability to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them 同感；同情；移情同感；同情；移情
Ø empathy with/for sb./sth.
empathy between A and B
< There is a strange empathy between the old lady and her grandson.
老妇人和她孙子间有种莫名其妙的心灵相通的感觉。老妇人和她孙子间有种莫名其妙的心灵相通的感觉。
empathic  a.
(also empathetic) able to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them 移情的；有同感的；产生共鸣的移情的；有同感的；产生共鸣的
< He was very empathic about what the people were suffering there.
他非常同情那里的人们所受的苦。他非常同情那里的人们所受的苦。
well up
1) (of a liquid) rise up to the surface and spill or be about to spill （液体）流出，涌出（液体）流出，涌出  e.g. I felt tears well up in my eyes. 我感到泪水夺眶而出。我感到泪水夺眶而出。
2) (of an emotion) arise and become more intense （情绪）变得强烈（情绪）变得强烈
< Anger welled up within him.  他怒火中烧。他怒火中烧。
crawl vi.
1) move along on your hands and knees with your body close to the ground 爬，爬行；匍匐行进爬，爬行；匍匐行进  e.g. A baby crawls (around) before it can walk.
婴儿先会（到处）爬, 然后才会走。然后才会走。
2)  (of traffic, vehicles, etc.) move very slowly （指来往行人﹑车辆等）缓慢地行进, 徐缓而行徐缓而行  e.g. The traffic crawled over the bridge in the rush-hour.
在高峰时刻桥上的车辆行驶缓慢。在高峰时刻桥上的车辆行驶缓慢。
retrieve  vt.  (fml )  find something and bring it back （正式）重新回；收回，取回（正式）重新回；收回，取回
< She bent down to retrieve her earring.  她俯下身去捡回她的耳环。她俯下身去捡回她的耳环。
Ø retrieve sth. from
< The wreckage of the crashed plane was retrieved from the ocean.
失事飞机的残骸已经从海里打捞出来失事飞机的残骸已经从海里打捞出来
trace vt. 1) discover the origin of something or how it developed  追究；追溯（来源）追究；追溯（来源）
< The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.
这些绘画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期的影响。这些绘画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期的影响。
2) find someone or something that you are looking for by asking questions and getting information 追查；追踪追查；追踪
< She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter. 她已经放弃了寻失踪女儿的所有希望。她已经放弃了寻失踪女儿的所有希望。
infant  n .[C]  (fml )  a baby or very young child 婴儿，幼儿婴儿，幼儿
< a nursery for infants under two 两岁以下婴儿的托儿所两岁以下婴儿的托儿所
Word family: infancy n. the period of a child‟s life before they can walk or talk 婴儿期，幼儿期婴儿期，幼儿期  e.g. In the past, many children died in infancy.过去很多孩子夭折于襁褓。过去很多孩子夭折于襁褓。
virtually  ad.      almost 差不多，实质上，实际上实际上
< Virtually all the children come to school by bus.
差不多所有的孩子都是乘巴士来上学的。差不多所有的孩子都是乘巴士来上学的。
Synonym: practically
precursor
n. [C] (fml ) sth. that happened before sth. else and influenced its development [正式]先兆，前兆先兆，前兆
Ø precursor of / to
< 1.Overweight and shortness of breath were the precursors of a heart attack.
身体超重和呼吸急促都是心脏病发作的前兆。身体超重和呼吸急促都是心脏病发作的前兆。
2. Were these small movements the precursor to major earthquake?
这些小的活动是否是一次大地震的先兆呢？这些小的活动是否是一次大地震的先兆呢？
sympathetic      a.
1) caring and  feeling sorry about someone‟s pro feeling sorry about someone‟s problems blems 同情的；有同情心的；表示同情的  e.g. We hope always to provide a friendly sympathetic ear.
2) willing to give approval and support to an aim or plan （对某目的或计划）赞成的，支持的（对某目的或计划）赞成的，支持的  e.g. We asked for her support in the election, but she wasn't sympathetic (to our request).    我们请求她在选举中给予支持, 但她（对我们的请求）无动于衷。但她（对我们的请求）无动于衷。
distress  n. [U]  a feeling of extreme unhappiness  苦恼，悲伤，忧虑苦恼，悲伤，忧虑
Fill in the gap with the appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary.
He feared to touch on _______________ memories.
It _____________ him to think that he has no hope of
changing things. He arrived on Dick‟s doorstep in obvious __________.
Hey, what's up? What are you looking so __________ for?
disturbance n. [C, U] 造成干扰的事物；干扰造成干扰的事物；干扰
disturbance to
< When a helicopter lands, it can cause a disturbance to local residents.
直升机降落时会打扰当地居民。直升机降落时会打扰当地居民。  Word family:  disturb  v.
misery
n. [U,C] great suffering that is caused for example by being very poor or very sick 苦恼，痛苦；苦难恼，痛苦；苦难
< What we are witnessing here is human misery on a vast scale.
Translate the following sentences: 1. Competitive mothers can make their daughters' lives a misery.
2. Go on, put them out of their misery and announce the winner.
imitate  vt.
copy the way someone behaves, speaks, moves etc., especially in order to make people laugh 模仿（某人的动作、言语或行为）模仿（某人的动作、言语或行为）
< She was a splendid mimic and loved to imitate Winston Churchill.
她是个出的模仿者，喜欢模仿温斯顿·丘吉尔。她是个出的模仿者，喜欢模仿温斯顿·丘吉尔。
Word family:  imitation  n.
Synonym: mimic
comprehend
v. [not in progressive 不用进行式]  understand something that is complicated or difficult 理解，领会理解，领会
< 1. She cannot comprehend the extent of the disaster.
她无法理解这场灾难的程度。她无法理解这场灾难的程度。
2. He couldn't comprehend her reasons for marrying the old man.
他不明白她为什么要嫁给那个老头。他不明白她为什么要嫁给那个老头。
Word family:  comprehension  n.
comprehensive  a.
mimicry  n. [U]the action or skill of being able to copy the voice, movements, etc. of others 模仿; 模仿能力模仿能力
<  Parrots specialize in vocal mimicry. 鹦鹉擅长对语言的模仿。鹦鹉擅长对语言的模仿。
Word family:  mimic    v.
evoke  vt.
produce a strong feeling or memory in someone 使人想起；唤起（感情、想法或记忆）或记忆）
< 1. The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.
那些照片勾起了我们对在法国度假的深刻回忆。那些照片勾起了我们对在法国度假的深刻回忆。  2. His appearance is bound to evoke sympathy. 他的外表会引起人们的同情。他的外表会引起人们的同情。
distinct  a.    clearly different 有区别的；不同的有区别的；不同的
< 1. two entirely distinct languages
2. Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science.
天文学是一门严谨的科学, 与占星术完全不同。与占星术完全不同。
plight  n. [C]  a very bad situation that someone is in 困境，苦境困境，苦境
< 1. the country's economic plight  该国的经济困境该国的经济困境
2. We must direct our efforts towards relieving the plight of children living in poverty.
我们必须致力于减轻生活在贫困中的儿童的苦难。我们必须致力于减轻生活在贫困中的儿童的苦难。
repertoire n. [C]
the total number of things that someone or something is able to do 全部技能（或才能）能（或才能）
< 1. the behavioral repertoire of infants
婴幼儿的行为能力婴幼儿的行为能力
2. An actor has to build a character and extend his own emotional repertoire.        演员必须会塑造人物并拓展自己的情感表达技巧。演员必须会塑造人物并拓展自己的情感表达技巧。
stroke  vt. gently move your hand over skin, hair, or fur （用手）轻抚, 抚摸抚摸
< 1. The girl stroked the cat. 女孩抚摸着小猫。
2. He put his hand on her hair and stroked it.他把手放在她头发上轻轻地抚摩。
pat
vt. touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them or want to make them feel better 平拍，轻拍（以示关心或抚慰）平拍，轻拍（以示关心或抚慰）
< He patted the dog affectionately. 他亲热地拍着狗。他亲热地拍着狗。
diverge  vi. differ, as in opinion or manner 相异，出现分歧相异，出现分歧
< I‟m afraid our opinions diverge from each other on the dir I‟m afraid our opinions diverge from each other on the direction of investment. ection of investment.
恐怕我们在投资方向上的见解不同。恐怕我们在投资方向上的见解不同。
discipline  vt.  teach someone to obey rules and control their behaviour 训练；训导训练；训导
< 1. Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.
sort of up to造句不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。
2. She must have been well disciplined for her orderliness.
她有条不紊，一定受过良好的训练。她有条不紊，一定受过良好的训练。
misbehavior    n. [U] (AmE )
bad behaviour that is not acceptable to other people 不正当的举止；粗鲁行为当的举止；粗鲁行为
< Even the most minor forms of misbehaviour were punished.
即使是最轻微的不良行为也受到了惩罚。即使是最轻微的不良行为也受到了惩罚。
Synonym: misconduct
apart from 1) except for 除……以外
< We didn‟t see anyone We didn‟t see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach. all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.
除了海滩上的几个小孩，我们一整天都没见到什么人。除了海滩上的几个小孩，我们一整天都没见到什么人。
2) besides 除……以外（还）
< Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy time-consuming housework as carrying water and firewood. (CET-4-2003-1)
除了照顾孩子们之外，她还要干很多费时费力的工作，例如挑水和背柴。除了照顾孩子们之外，她还要干很多费时费力的工作，例如挑水和背柴。
stem from: develop as a result of something else 源于；是……缘故
< 1. His headaches stemmed from vision problems.
他的头痛是由视力问题引起的。他的头痛是由视力问题引起的。  2. discontent stemming from low pay and poor working conditions
因工资低﹑工作条件差而产生的不满情绪因工资低﹑工作条件差而产生的不满情绪
pull away
1) move your body or part of your body away from  someone or something 闪避；躲开闪避；躲开

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