英语(二)考试大纲把翻译的分数分为四档,具体标准如下。
考研英语(二)翻译评分标准
第四档(13-15分):很好地完成了试题规定的任务。理解准确无误;表达通顺清楚;没有错译、漏译。
第三档(9-12分):基本完成了试题规定的任务。理解基本准确;表达比较通顺;没有重大错译、漏译。
第二档(5-8分):未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。理解原文不够准确;表达欠通顺;有明显错译、漏译。
第一档(0-4分):未完成试题规定的任务。不能理解原文;表达不通顺;文字支离破碎。总结一下评分要点,主要在三方面:对原文的理解程度;表达通顺的程度;错译、漏译的多少。其实说的比较模糊,没有多少指导意义。
严复所说的信、达、雅,这翻译的三个要求,用现代的话来说:
信是指译者对原作者负责,把他的原意用中文表达出来,不要表达错;
达是译者对读者服务,作者的原意虽然已经表达出来了,也要读者能够看懂,才算尽职;雅,译文也对,读者也懂,但是,原文的文体、气势、说话人的身份等发面也要做到恰如其分。
下面,以这三个要求为评判标准,分析大纲给的翻译真题答案的水准。
2018年英语(二)翻译试题
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”, Gates says.
大纲给的答案:
一个五年级学生拿到一份家庭作业,要求从一份职业列表中选择将来的职业道路。他勾选了“宇航员”,
但很快在表上添加了“科学家”,并将它也选上。这个男孩子相信,只要他读得够多,那么他想探索多少职业道路都可以。于是,他就这样读书------从百科全书到科幻小说,什么都看。他如饥似渴地读书,以至于他的父母不得不立下一条吃饭时“不许看书的规矩”。
sort of career翻译那个男孩就是比尔盖茨(Bill Gates),而且,他至今依然没有停止阅读-----即便他已经成为这颗星球上最成功的人士之一。如今,他阅读的材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考书:最近,他透露说自己一年至少看50本非虚构作品。盖茨之所以选择非虚构作品,是因为它们解释世界是如何运行的。盖茨说:“每本书都开辟出新的知识途径。”
下面分析那些不完全符合“信达雅”的句子。
A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.
一个五年级学生拿到一份家庭作业,要求从一份职业列表中选择将来的职业道路。
信达雅:“份”字改成“张”更好。
The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.
这个男孩子相信,只要他读得够多,那么他想探索多少职业道路都可以。
信达雅:“读得够多”不符合中国人的表达习惯,改为“书读得够多”,“他想探索多少职业道路都可以”是根据原文“he can explore as many career paths as he likes”的职业,中国人不会这样说话,应该改为“他可以从事任何自己喜欢的职业”。
And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.
于是,他就这样读书------从百科全书到科幻小说,什么都看。
信达雅:这样的语序不是中国人的表达方式,改为“从百科全书到科幻小说,他什么书都看”。
That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.
那个男孩就是比尔盖茨(Bill Gates),而且,他至今依然没有停止阅读-----即便他已经成为这颗星球上最成功的人士之一。
信达雅:“那个”换成“这个”,更符合中文的表达习惯;“最之一”是典型的英式中文,换成“数一数二的”,更像中国话;最后一点还是语序问题,答案给的语序还是太英式了,中文应该这样表达,“虽然他也已经成为这个世界上数一数二的成功人士,他依然保持着阅读的习惯”。
Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.
如今,他阅读的材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考书:最近,他透露说自己一年至少看50本非虚构作品。
信达雅:nonfiction应该翻译成“非小说”,“非虚构”会让中国人费解。
按“信雅达”的标准,考研英语(二)翻译大纲答案只满足“信”。这也就是说,高分翻译的标准并不是很高,即使答案里充斥着英式中文,只要能够较完整地传达作者的意思,就能够得到很高的分数。最后再附上2019年的翻译真题和大纲答案。
2019年英语(二)翻译试题
  It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”。While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer m
any disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
英国作家詹姆斯Heriot容易被人低估。他的作品风格欢快易读,让人觉得谁都可以模仿。有多少次我都听人说:“我也能写书。我只是没那时间。”说起来轻巧,做起来就没那么简单了。和一般人的想法相反,用詹姆斯Heriot的话说,在“玩写作这种游戏”之初,他可没觉得很容易。虽然他显然天赋极高,但他最终呈现给世人的精湛作品却是多年写作练习、不断重写和阅读的结果。跟大多数作家一样,他一路走来也不得不遭受了许多失望和被拒之苦,但
这些更坚定了他要成功的决心。他一生的所有成就都是艰苦努力的结果,他在文学领域的成功也不例外。

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