国际货运代理专业英语  Unit 14 General Features of Consolidation
  一、 合并运输的含义
  1-1 课文：Consolidation or groupage means the assembly of small parcels of cargo from several consignors at one point of origin intended for several consignees at another point of destination, dispatching the parcels as one consolidated consignment to the consolidator’s agent at the destination and delivering them to their respective consignees. (合并运输的定义，考试重点)
  注释：consolidation: 合并运输 groupage: 拼箱 mean: 意味着，意指 assembly: n. 集合，汇集 small parcel: 小批，小包 (parcel: 包，包裹，(人，物)一批) several: 几个，数个 origin: 产地 intend for: 打算供...使用，打算送给 another:　另一个，别的，另外的 destination: 目的地 dispatch: 派遣，分派，发送 consolidated: 统一的，合并的 consignment: 交付，委托，所托运的货物 consolidator: 合并运输人 respective: 分别的，各自的
  课文意思：合并运输或者说拼箱是指在原产地某个地方将几个发货人的小批货物汇集起来发
送给目的地某个地方的几个收货人，在目的地将托运的货物统一分派给合并运输人的代理人，并将货物交付给他们各自相应的收货人的运输。
  1-2 课文：Forwarders who act as groupage agents or consolidators deliver full container loads (FCL) made up of individual LCL consignments to the carrier to take advantage of the FCL tariff rates.
  注释：act as: 担当，作为 full container loads (FCL)：整箱货 make up of: 构成，组成 individual: 个别的，单独的 LCL (less than carload lot): 拼装货，零担货物 (less than: 小于carload:车辆所载的货物，货车的最低载重量，另外LCL还可以写成less than container load) take advantage of: 利用 tariff rate: 关税比率
  课文意思：货运代理人作为拼箱代理人或者合并运输人，将由个别拼装货组成的整箱货交付给承运人并且可按照整箱货的标准享受整箱货的关税比率。
  二、合并运输人的身份(考试重点)
  2-1 课文：As a consolidator, the freight forwarder will provide the service in his own name
and issue a house bill of lading.
  注释：provide: 提供 in one’s own name: 以自己的名义 issue: 签发 house bill of lading: 货代提单
  课文意思：作为合并运输人，货运代理人将以他自己的名义提供服务并签发货代提单。
  2-2 课文：To the individual consignors, the consolidator is the carrier, while in his relationship with the actual carrier, he is the consignor.
  注释：relationship: 关系，联系 actual: 实际的
  课文意思：就发货人而言，合并运输人是指承运人，而就其与实际承运人关系而言，他是发货人。
  2-3 课文：The individual consignors and consignees do not deal directly with actual carrier.
  注释：deal with：安排，处理，做生意 directly: 直接地
  课文意思：发货人和收货人不会直接与实际承运人联系。
  2-4 课文：The consolidator buys shipping space “wholesale” from the actual carrier and sells it “retail” to the individual consignors.
  注释：shipping space: 船位，舱位 wholesale: 批发 retail: 零售
  课文意思：合并运输人从实际承运人那里“批发”舱位并将这些舱位以“零售”的方式卖给发货人
  2-5 课文：In groupage transport, the forwarder acts as a sort of wholesaler by buying large amounts of space which are sold out in retail to his customers.
  注释：groupage transport: 拼箱运输 a sort of: sort of的意思一种 wholesaler: 批发商 large amounts of: 大量的 sell out: 出卖，出售，卖完 customer: 顾客
  课文意思：拼箱运输中，货运代理人类似于批发商，大量购买舱位并以零售的方式卖给他们的顾客。
  2-6 课文: In the case of air transport, the consolidator’s responsibilities go beyond delivering the shipment to the airline at the airport of departure. It extends to the recovery of the shipment from the airline at destination and, where requested, to its delivery to the consignee.
  注释：in the case of: 在...的情况，就...而言 air transport: 航空运输，空运 go beyond: 超出
  airline: 航空公司，定期航线　airport: 机场，航空港 departure: 出发，离开，离港 extend: 延伸，扩展 recovery: 收回，回收
  课文意思：就空运而言，合并运输人的责任范围不仅限于在离港机场将运输转给航空公司，而且还要在目的地接手回运输并按要求交付给收货人。
  2-7 课文: Consolidation services can also be provided by a freight forwarder for the overseas importer who buys small consignments of merchandise from numerous vendors.
  注释：overseas: 海外的，国外的 merchandise: 商品，货物 numerous: 许多的，众多的 vendor: 卖方，卖主
  课文意思：货运代理人也可以向海外的进口商提供合并运输服务，这些进口商需要从众多的卖主那里购买少量的寄售货物。
  2-8 课文：The vendors are instructed by their buyer to deliver the merchandise to the forwarder who consolidates the consignments for dispatch to the buyer.
  注释：instruct: 指导，指示 ，命令，通知
  课文意思：卖主会按照买主的指示，将商品交付给货运代理人，货运代理人在合并货物并且将它们分派给买方。
  2-9 课文：The forwarder issues to each seller his house bill of lading or the Forwarder’s Certificate of Receipt (FCR).
  注释：each: 每个的，各自的 Forwarder’s Certificate of Receipt (FCR): 货运代理人收货证明书
  课文意思：货运代理人签发货运提单或者货运代理人收货证明书给每个卖主。
　三、合并运输的优势 (考试重点)
  3-1 课文：Consolidation can benefit all concerned, e.g. exporters and shippers, carrier and forwarder. The national economy can also benefit.
  注释：benefit: 有益于 concerned: 有关的(在这里是指“相关的各方”) national economy: 国内经济
  课文意思：合并运输能使所有相关各方获益，例如：出口商和委托人，承运人和货运代理人。也有益于国内经济发展。
  3-2 对于出口商和托运人的好处：
  1、可以获得低的运费费率。
  课文：They get the benefit of a rate lower than they would have normally paid to the carrier. It is particularly beneficial to small shippers who are not well established in their trade and who do not have enough bargaining strength to negotiate rates with the shipping or air lines.
  注释：lower than: 低于 normally: 正常情况下，通常的 pay to: 支付 particularly: 特别地，尤其 be beneficial to: 有益于... establish: 建立，成立，设立，安置 enough: 足够的，充足的 bargaining strength: 讨价还价的能力(bargaining: 讨价，商讨 strength: 实力，力量)negotiate: 谈判，商定 shipping line: 船运公司

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