英语语篇模式举例
．Preview-Detail Pattern
Model 1
The weather in March is unpredictable. One day there was heavy ground fog, and the next day was clear. It rained for a few days and cleared up, and then it rained again. One day the temperature ranged from 45 degrees to 75 degrees, and the next day the temperature stayed around 55 degrees all day long. It was difficult to plan activities or know what to wear with such unpredictable weather.
Model 2
Throughout history, men have tried various ingenious methods for sorting out truth-teller from liars. A medieval “truth by trial” technique called for thrusting a suspect’s hand into fire; if it was not burned, he was judged innocent. An ancient Chinese test required a suspected wrongdoer to chew rice powder while being questioned. If the powder was dry wh
en he spit it out afterward, the man was condemned—on the theory that the tension of lying had blocked his salivary gland, producing a dry mouth.
Model 3
Smoking is a harmful and unhealthy hobby from which we should keep away. First of all, cigarettes contain nicotine—a poisonous substance that has the effect of causing cancer. It is estimated that more than 90 percent of lung cancer victims are smokers. If you refrain from smoking, the threat of such a disease will be greatly diminished. Financially, a heavy smoker spends a lot of money on cigarettes, which becomes a heavy burden to his family. What is more, smoking is one source of environmental pollution. Burning cigarettes and puffs of smoking may spoil the fresh air, and disturb others’ work and study. Finally, if a teenager takes to smoking, how can he keep a sound mind in a sound body?
Model 4
Going to college can be expensive. Everyone knows that tuition and room and board can
cost anywhere from $ 3,000 to $ 10,000 per semester, but there are other expenses that make going to college even more expensive. For instance, books typically cost between $ 150 and $ 400 each term. Supplies, too, are not cheap, for as any students knows, paper, notebooks, writing utensils and the many other supplies needed usually cost more at the college bookstore than at a local discount department sore. For instance, a package of notepaper costing $ 1 at a discount store might cost $ 2 at a college bookstore. In addition, there are all kinds of special fees tacked onto the bill at registration time. A student might have to pay a $ 30 insurance fee to the student government association, and anywhere from $ 20 to $ 100 for parking. If a student decides to add or drop a course after registration, there is yet another fee. The fee never seems to end.
Model 5
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that
product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses. Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way. (NEC 3, Unit 26)
Model 6
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely
this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell. (NEC 3, Unit 27)
Model 7
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the table-cloth off the table smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process. You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner. (NEC 3, Unit 33)
Model 8
Learning a foreign language has changed. Not so long ago, students would sit with pens in hand, writing the basic forms of a language, learning structures they would never be able to speak. In that same classroom today, pens and notebooks have been put away. The spoken sounds of foreign tongue fill the room. Today the last skill learned—writing a foreign language—comes as a natural and possible part of the total language-learning process. Yet, just a few years ago, the last skill learned was the first skill mastered today—speaking a foreign tongue.
．General-Example Pattern
Model 9
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.sort out the facts Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's
palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall. (New Concept English 3, Unit 5)

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