⼤⼀听⼒教材Dictation部分（1）
Unit1
Social customs and ways of behaving change. But they do not necessarily always change for the better. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in the room.
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable —especially if they are your guests. There is a story about a rich nobleman who had a very formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas with a knife. Other guests were amused or shocked, but the nobleman calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.
Unit2
Undoubtedly, Tibet is one of the harshest places for human existence. It is cool in summer but freezing c
old in w inter. In Lhasa, the mildest city in Tibet, temperatures may exceed 29 degrees Celsius in summer while plummeting to -16 degrees Celsius in winter! Sun radiation is extremely strong in Tibet. The sunlight in Lhasa is so intense that the city is called Sunl ight City. The thin air can neither block off nor retain heat so that there are great temperature extremes on the same day! The average temperature in northern Tibet is subzero and winter arrives in October until the following May or June. July and August are the best time to visit the area, enjoying warm temperatures, intense sunshine, beautiful scenery and festive events. May, June and September represent the tourist season in east Tibet. In winter, roads are all blocked by heavy snow. Landslides and rock falls frequently occur, which will make travel difficult.
Unit3
I could hear the guard blowing his whistle, so I ran on to the platform and up to the train. Luckily, someone saw me coming, a door opened, and I jumped on while the train was moving out of the station. “Phew!” I thought. “That was hard work!” I was sure the other passengers could hear my heart beating; it was so loud, and I was in a cold sweat.
After a while, I recovered, and had a look at the other passenger. The compartment was full, but I was
the only one standing. The people in the carriage turned their eyes away as they noticed me looking at them. All except one, a beautiful woman sitting in the corner. I saw her watching
me in the mirror. Automatically, I adjusted my tie. She had seen me running for the train: maybe this was my lucky day after all. I prepared to say hello.
She spoke first, however. “Would you like my seat?” she asked.
“Y ou look rather ill.” That was the day on which I realized I was getting middle-aged.
Unit4
Aesop was a very clever man who lived in Greece thousands of years ago. He wrote many good fables. He was known to be fond of jokes. One day, as he was enjoying a walk, he met a traveler, who greeted him and said, “Kind man, can you tell me how soon I shall get to town?”
“Go,” Aesop answered.
sort out the facts“I know I must go,” said the traveler, “but I should like you to tell me how soon I shall get to town.”
“Go,” Aesop said again angrily.
“This man must be mad,” the traveler thought and went on.
After he had gone some distance, Aes op shouted after him, “Y ou
will get to town in two hours.” The traveler turned round in astonishment. “Why didn’t you tell me that before?” he asked.“How could I have told you before?” answered Aesop. “I did not know how fast you could walk.”
Unit5
Americans know that higher education is the key to the growth they need to lift their country, and today that is more true than ever. Just listen to these facts. Over half the new jobs created in the last three years have been managerial and professional jobs. The new jobs require a higher level or skills.
Fifteen years ago the typical worker with a college degree made 38 percent more than a worker with a high school diploma. Today that figure is 73 percent more. Two years of college means a 20 percent increase in annual earnings. People who finish two years of college earn a quarter of a million dollars more than their high school counterparts over a lifetime.
Unit6
I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The sta tion’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Y outh Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.
I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books I drove to the
rinks where the skater trained, and made notes about our conversation. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.
Unit7
Thomas Edison was often said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of history who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy just because someone said he was a genius. “There is no such thing as Genius,” Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.
But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people would do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they did not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking could give men enjoyment and pleasure.
Unit8
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says hunger kills millions of people each year—especially children. The UN organization says millions more people will die unless more money is invested to fight against hunger.
This is based on the results of a new UN study called “The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2002”. It found that more than nine million people die each year from huger. Six million of them are children younger than age five. Researchers also found that the number of starving people is growing in some parts of the world.
The report says that about eight hundred and forty million people around the world are not getting enough food to eat. Ninety-five percent of these people are in developing countries.
Unit9
In contemporary English, there are many reported differences in the talk of males and females. In same gender pairs having conversations, women generally discuss their personal feelings more than men. Men appear to prefer non-personal topics such as sport and news. Men tend to respond to an expression of feeling or problems by giving advice or solutions, while women are more likely to mention personal experiences that match or connect with the other woman’s. There is a pattern documented in the American English social context of women cooperating and seeking connection via language, whereas men are more competitive and concerned with power via language. In mixed-gender pairs having conversations, the rate of men interrupting women is substantially greater than the reverse. Women are reported to use more expressions associated with tentativeness, such as “hedges” (sort of; kind
of) and “tags” (isn’t it? don’t you?), when expressing an opinion: Well, erm, I think that golf in kind if boring, don’t you?
Unit10
The University of Oxford, situated in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge. The two universities have a long history of competition with each other and they are the two oldest and most famous universities in England.
The date of Oxford’s foundation is unknown, and indeed it may not have been a single event, but there is evidence of teaching there as early as 1096. When Henry II of England forbade English students to study at the University of Paris in 1167, Oxford began to grow very quickly. The foundation of the first halls of residence, which later became colleges, dates from the period and later. Following the murder of two student accused of rape in 1209, the University was disbanded, and this led to the foundation of the University of Cambridge. In 1214, the University returned to Oxford with a charter, and the Universi ty’s status was formally confirmed.

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