学科教师辅导讲义
辅导科目：英语                          年  级：高二                           课时数：3                               
课    题
Unit 6. Problems and solutions基础知识梳理
教学目标
1. 使学生能够基本掌握unit1中的基础词汇及其拓展用法；
2. 帮助学生梳理课文中的一些重点句型，并且会做一些基础的单选题。
教学内容
Step1: Greetings & Free talk
Is there something interesting or important this week?
Step2: Homework checking & Revision
Step3: 知识梳理
I. Key Words重点单词
1. cosmetics   n. [usually pl.]化妆品
e. g. Lipstick and hair conditioner are cosmetics.口红和护发素都是化妆品。
2. persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的
e. g. The argument he presented was so persuasive that the manager agreed to reconsider his proposal.
他的理由很有说服力，所以经理同意重新考虑他的提议。
【知识拓展】persuade   v.说服，劝说
【常用搭配】persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事              persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
    persuade sb out of sth/doing sth劝阻某人不要（做）……
e. g. She persuaded me to take part in the English competition.
=She persuaded me into taking part in the English competition.她说服我参加英语竞赛。
We persuaded him out of his foolish plan.我们劝说他放弃了那个愚蠢的计划。
3. advertising  n.做广告；广告业
e. g. Cigarette advertising should be banned.应该禁止香烟的广告业务。
4. campaign   n.运动
e. g. There is a campaign against smoking in the city.该市正在进行一场禁烟运动。
The old lady's son died in a campaign during the World WarⅡ.老太太的儿子在第二次世界大战的一场战争中丧身。
【知识拓展】v.参加运动
e. g. She spent her whole life campaigning for women's rights.她毕生致力于女权运动。
5. anti-ageing   adj.抗衰老的
e. g. I wonder whether these anti-ageing cosmetics are really effective.我想知道这些抗衰老的化妆品是否真的有效。
Our website provides ladies with many practical anti-ageing strategies.
我们的网站为女士们提供很多实用的抗衰老策略。
【知识拓展】前缀anti-表示“反对、排斥”。
如：anti- spam反垃圾邮件  anti-hacker反电脑黑客
6. present   v.赠送；呈现；引见
e. g. The old couple presented a big sum of money to the school where they had studied.
这对老夫妇向他们求学过的学校赠送了一大笔钱。
You should have presented your essay last week.你上周就该把论文交上来了。
Please allow me to present my new friend to you, Tom.汤姆，请允许我向你介绍我的新朋友。
【知识拓展】
(l)adj. /present/出席，在场（可作表语或后置定语）；现存的，当前的（只可作前置定语）
e. g. I hope you will be present at my wedding ceremony the day after tomorrow.我希望你后天能来参加我的结婚典礼。   
Obviously, most people present were against the plan.显然，在场的大多数人反对这项计划。
Most students are quite satisfied with the present teaching method applied by the new teacher.
大多数学生都对这个新老师现用的教学方法很满意。
(2)n./ present/礼物
Christmas/birthday present圣诞／生日礼物
7. packaging   n.包装材料
e. g. The packaging for the product was very difficult to open.这个产品的包装很难打开。
8. double   v.（使）加倍；是……的两倍
e. g. This year, the sales of the product are double what they were last year.该产品今年的销售额是去年的两倍。
The birth rate in that area has doubled.那个地区的婴儿出生率已经增加了一倍。
【知识拓展】n.两倍
e. g. The production of this year is the double of that of last year.今年的产量是去年的两倍。       
9. poison   v.使中毒；毒害
e. g. The cow drank the water and was poisoned.奶牛喝了水后中毒了。
【知识拓展】poison  n.毒药，毒物
e. g. Some mushrooms contain deadly poisons.有些蘑菇含有致命毒素。
10. blind   v.使失明
e. g. The man was blinded in the explosion.那名男子在爆炸中双目失明。
【知识拓展】blind adj.瞎的；盲的
e. g. When he was released from the jail, the strong light nearly blinded him.
当他被释放出监狱的时候，强烈的光线几乎使他什么都看不见了。
He became blind after a serious car accident.在一次严重车祸后，他的双目失明了。
11. force-feed   v.强迫进食
e. g. The sick animal refused to eat, and had to be force-fed.那只有病的动物不肯进食，人们只好给它强制喂食。
12. injection  n.注射
e. g. The morphine was administered by injection那是注射进去的。
13. drip   v.滴入
e. g. The machine dripped water and fertilizer onto the plants．那台机器把水和肥料滴到植物上。
14. amazing   adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的
e. g. I find it amazing that you can't swim.你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊。
15. unconventional   adj.[often approving]不因循守旧的；新奇的
e. g. She leads an unconventional way of life.她的生活方式很新潮。
16. principle   n.规则 
e. g. Discussing all these details will get us nowhere; we must get back to first principle.
讨论这些枝节问题是毫无用处的，我们必须回到基本原则上来。
17. prosper   v.繁荣；兴旺   
e. g. Due to his diligence and intelligence, his business soon prospered.由于他勤奋又聪明，他的生意很快就兴隆起来了。
The little company prospered through good management.由于管理有方，这家小公司兴旺发达。
18. revolution    v.改革
e. g. Computers have revolutionized many aspects of modern life.计算机的运用彻底改变了现代生活的方方面面。
19. limitation  n.局限；缺陷
e. g. He knows his limitations.他知道身体能力有限。
I know my limitations—I can't do what you asked.我不能做你请求我做的事，因为我知道自己的不足之处。
20. recycle   v.回收利用；再利用
e. g. Every week, a lorry came by to pick up old magazines and newspapers to be recycled.
每个星期都有一辆货车来运走那些将被回收利用的旧杂志和废报纸。
21. refill  v.再装满（或灌满）
e. g. The man asked the waiter to refill his glass.那个人又一次让服务员把自己的杯子倒满。
22. unique   adj.独一无二的；独特的
e. g. Every snowflake is unique - no two are the same.每一瓣雪花都是独一无二的——没有两片相同的雪花。
23. remarkably   adv.不寻常地；突出地
e. g. Remarkably, no one was killed in that terrible storm.令人称奇的是，那场可怕的风暴中没有人死亡。
【知识拓展】remarkable   adj.不寻常的；出类拔萃的
e. g. His remarkable achievements in science has brought him great honour.他在科学上的杰出成就给他带来了巨大荣誉。
24. alternative   adj.供选择的
e. g. This road was blocked, so we had to go by an alternative route.这条路被堵了，所以我们只好走另一条路。
Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其他建议？
25. global  adj.全球的
e. g. Our product has won global popularity.我们的产品已经赢得了全球性的欢迎。
Everyone wishes for global peace.人人都希望世界和平。
【知识拓展】globe  n.球，球体；球状物            the globe地球
26. publicity  n.公众的注意；媒体的注意；名声；宣传
e. g. There is a lot of publicity on his achievements.他的成就广受大众注目。
The new book has gained very little publicity, greatly limiting its sales.
公众不太关注这本新书，这大大影响了它的销售。
There has been little publicity about the new film.这部新电影没有作什么宣传。
27. hold   v.举办；进行
e. g. The classmates held a singing competition.同学们举行了一次歌咏比赛。
28. pro-environment  adj.支持保护环境的
e. g. The company funded research in pro-environment packaging.这家公司资助研究保护环境的包装材料。
29. publicize   v.宣传   
e. g. an advertising campaign to publicize the new train service.为新投入运营的铁路路线而开展的宣传活动
Ⅱ. Key Expressions重点词组
1. come true实现（该词组为不及物动词词组，不能用于被动语态）
e. g. After many years of hard work, his long cherished dream of being a football player came true.
经过多年努力，他长期怀有的想成为一名足球运动员的梦想终于实现了。
【指点迷津】realize  v.（使）实现（常用于被动语态）
We are sure that you will realize your dream sooner or later.
= We are sure that your dream will be realized sooner or later.我们相信，你的希望迟早会实现。
Ⅲ. Key Sentences重难点句子
1. It promises that all your dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream.
句中promises后跟宾语从句。promise的其他用法还有：promise to do sth许诺做某事，promise sb to do sth许诺某人做某事。
e. g. My father promised to buy me a new bike if l would do well in the coming exam.
=My father promised me to buy a new bike if I would do well in the coming exam.
爸爸许诺我，如果我在即将到来的考试中有出表现的话，他会给我买一辆新自行车。
2. The products are presented in expensive packaging, often doubling their cost.
often doubling their cost是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状况。
3. Banning images of beautiful women in her shops, she promoted health, not beauty.
banning images of beautiful women in her shops是现在分词短语，作原因状语。
e. g. Not wanting to have anything, she just kept on working without dinner.
因为什么都不想吃，所以她没有吃晚饭就继续工作。
I. Key Words重点单词
1. tube   n.软管
e. g. Blood flowed along the tube into the bottle.血液沿管子流人瓶中。
2. wrapper   n.包聋芝材料
e. g. Please put 'all your sweet wrappers in the bin.请把你的糖纸都放进垃圾箱里去。
【知识拓展】wrap   v.包；裹
e. g. Christmas presents were wrapped up in tisuue paper.圣诞礼物都用薄纸裹起来了。
3. transport   v.（用交通工具）运输；运送
e. g. Coal is usually transported by rail from the mines to the power plants.媒通常经由铁路从煤矿运到发电厂。
【知识拓展】transportation  n.运输
4. cardboard    n.卡纸板
e. g. They kept all of their photos in a shoebox made of cardboard.他们把所有的照片都放在一个卡板纸做的鞋盒中。
5. landfill  n.垃圾填埋地
e. g. All of the rubbish was taken to a landfill on the outskirts of the city.所有的垃圾都被运到市郊的一个垃圾填埋场。
6. leak   v.漏；渗；渗透
e. g. The gas will leak if you don't turn it off after using.如果用完后不关掉，煤气会泄漏。
The tyre began to leak, and was soon completely flat.车胎开始漏气，很快就瘪了。
Who leaked the news to the press? 是谁将消息泄露给新闻界的？
7. carton   n.（尤指装食品或液体的）硬纸盒；塑料盒
e. g. This morning, I bought a carton of milk for breakfast on my way to work.
今天早晨在去上班的路上，我买了一盒牛奶当早饭。
8. appropriate   adj.合适的；恰当的
e. g. Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding.运动服用于正式婚礼中是不适当的。
9. sort   v.整理；把……分类
e. g. He was sorting his foreign stamps.他正在整理外国邮票。
10. process   v.加工
e. g. Generally speaking, food must be processed in order to be preserved.一般来说，食品需要经过加工才能长时间保存。
It may take a few weeks for these wasted paper to be processed.处理这些废弃文件也许要几个星期。
【知识拓展】process  n.过程
e. g. I started moving the china ornaments, but dropped a vase in the process.
我动手搬那些瓷器饰物，但在移动时打碎了一只花瓶。
Compiling a dictionary is a slow process.编撰一本字典是一个缓慢的过程。 
11. subject  n.（绘画或拍摄）题材
e. g. The subject of the picture is the painter's father.这幅画取材于画家的父亲。
Ⅱ.Key Expressions重点词组
1. make up  组成；构成；化妆
e. g. This football team is made up of fourteen members.这个足球队由十四名队员组成。
Workers make up a large portion of the population.工人占人口数量的大部分。
Before going onto the stage, the actress made up to look her best.在上台之前，女演员化了妆，让自己看上去最美。
【知识拓展】make up for补偿
e. g. You apology can't make up for the broken vase.光说对不起补偿不了被你打破的花瓶的损失。
2. end up  结束；告终
e. g. He tried several different jobs, finally ending up as a teacher.他做过一些不同的工作，最终成为一名教师。
He started working in this company as a clerk but ended up as the general manager.
他刚进公司  寸候只是个小职员，但最后却成了总经理。
3. take up  占去；占据   
e. g. The cupboard takes up much space in my kitchen.这个柜子占了我厨房里很大的空间。
You'd better move away all the toys9 because they take up too much space.
你最好把这些玩具都移走，它们占据了太多空间。
She took up the story which John had left off telling.她接着讲约翰未讲完的故事。
4. take the lead  带头；做榜样
e. g. He took the lead at the beginning of the race.比赛刚开始时他领跑。
She always takes the lead in doing anything.她总是带头做任何事。
5. do one's part to  尽自己的职责
e. g. Everyone should do his or her part in the cause of environmental protection.
每个人都应该尽自己的一份力，为环境保护事业作贡献。
Ⅲ. Key Sentences重难点句子
In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods.
used for their goods是过去分词短语作定语，修饰packaging -词，相当于定语从句：which/that is used for their goods。
e. g. This is a room used only for emergency.这是一件专门为紧急情况而准备的房间。
Then came The Body Shop.然后出现了美体小铺。
1. Vocabulary and Grammar
(    )1. Water    from the roof because it is leaking.
A. drops              B. drips    C. spreads    D. sinks
(    )2. Scientific discoveries are often    to industrial production methods.
A. supplied    B. replied    C. adopted    D. applied
(    )3. There    nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.
A. to be    B. to have been    C. being    D. be
(    )4. There is a ban    smoking in most public places in this country.
A. for                B. on                  C. in                    D. with
(    )5. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with flowers and grass all around and    down to eat our picnic    
lunch.
A. sitting    B. having sat    C. to sit    D. sat
(    )6.    out automatically, the e-mail with a dangerous virus was received by many users.
A. Mailed    B. Mailing
sort out sthC. To be mailed    D. Having mailed out
(    )7.    ,so I had to wait for my parents back.
A. Because my key was lost    B. My key was lost
C. Losing my key    D. Having lost my key
(    )8. This toy company doesn't spend money on    .
A. advertising    B. advertiser    C. advice    D. advertisement
(    )9. The company intends to    for losses caused by the serious mistake in the news report.
A. sue    B. charge    C. accuse    D. ask
(    )10. Joan is    for equal rights for women.
A. fighting    B. campaigning    C. beating    D. quarreling
(    )11. When she was young, she showed great    in singing, which was quite beyond her parents'
expectation.
A. will    B. requirement    C. desire    D. promise
(    )12. He sat beneath the tree, his elbow    on his knee.
A. rest    B. was resting    C. resting    D. rested
(    ) 13. His voice    , he said he was too upset to say any more.
A. shake    B. be shaking    C. was shaking    D. shaking
(    )14. With the river    at a record-high of over 26 metres, the more came amid no sign of lit-up in the torrential rains.
A. run    B. is running    C. running    D. ran
(    )15. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls
and boys    to go to school.
A. to be encouraged    B. been encouraged
C. being encouraged    D. be encouraged
Ⅱ. Cloze
The Body Shop make-up is all about products that   16  and blend easily; that flatter(使显得更漂亮) your face and take care of your skin; that feel as light as a feather; that make experimentation easy and enjoyable; that will look as good at the end of the day as when you first applied them; and which  17   that way until you choose to take them off. The industry refers to them as 'high performance'—we   18  say 'simply great'.
How do you   19  great make-up? We think it not only makes you look good, but feel good and does good too.  It gives the wearer confidence and is enjoyable to use.
Our quest(追求) for the best has been exhaustive(彻底的) and means that the Body Shop make-up now combines the best 20     in cosmetic science with our years of expertise of natural ingredients —some of which are now mainstreams of cosmetics and some of which are   21  to the Body Shop make-up.
If you   22  UV damage to your skin, you have the reassurance that many products in the range now feature a sun protection factor. All products have been dermatologically(皮肤病学的) tested, are non-comedogenic (meaning they won't cause blackheads)and do not include   23  fragrance. 'High performance' or 'simply great'? Don't just take our  24  for it—come to the Body Shop and try it for yourself.
Make-up is no longer simply about looking good, but feeling good and doing good too. As firm believers in creating make-up that offers skin care benefits, skin beneficial ingredients such as vitamin E, panthenol and beeswax are widely used    25       the range.
(      ) 16. A. produce    B. apply    C. use    D. give
(      ) 17. A. change    B. go    C. leave    D. stay
(      ) 18. A. keep to    B. help to    C. prefer to    D. want to
(      ) 19. A. think of    B. refer to    C. find    D. define
(    )20. A. advances    B. qualities    C. findings    D. application
(      )21. A. particular    B. unique    C. top    D. devoted
(    )22. A. are particular about    B. finding fault with
C. are concerned about    D. are curious about
(    )23. A. special    B. demanding    C. extra    D. added
(    )24. A. word    B. promise    C. products    D. phrases
(    )25. A. of    B. during    C. throughout    D. out of
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension   
(A) Karo Cove Estate (地产)
A limited opportunity to purchase a piece of Kiwi paradise(几维鸟天堂) with 5 lots only to be sold.
If natural beauty &- privacy are important to you, then this unique area where the native bush meets the sand & the neighbourhood noise is the sounds of the waves, the song of the native birds by day and Kiwi at night is a "must consider. "
Sizes range from 2,000 m2 to 2. 4 ha some with direct waterfront position, all have sea view.
Covenants(契约) ensure this beautiful environment is protected forever.
Located within 1 hour drive from Auckland.
Join the developers in securing your family's piece of paradise.
An opportunity not to be missed!
Barbara Nelson
Mob 027 382 7263
Bus(07) 576 0129
(    )26. This advertisement is put up to attract    .
A. travellers    B. natural scientists    C. estate purchasers    D. house builders
(    )27. What is the underlined word ha in the third paragraph?
A. A unit of area.    B. A unit of length.    C. A unit of width.    D. A unit of depth.
(    )28. Which of the following statements is NOT true to the advertisement?
A.    This area is by the sea.
B.    This area is not very far from Auckland.
C.    No factories will be built in this area.
D.    Barbara Nelson has a phone set in a bus.
(B)
The 1970s and early 1980s have spelled(意味着) hard time for most of the world's business firms. The 1973 oil crisis(危机) set off a round of further crisis: material and energy shortages, dying industries, and so on.
Throughout the 1960s, people in industrial nations enjoyed real gains in income and spent their money on a growing number of goods and services: new cars, television sets, foreign travel, higher education, and so on. People in the U.  S.  A., Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and a few other nations were leading a good life. And the citizens of less developed countries, though living on very small incomes, were filled with hopes by what they heard and saw in newspapers, magazines, and radios. Sooner or later, they felt, they would enjoy the fruits of rapid economic development.
The crisis starting in the 1970s robbed everyone of these dreams. Prices shot up; jobs were lost; competition became keener; foreign goods attacked domestic(国内的) markets and hurt domestic firms.
The key to recovery could not rest alone on governments' adopting suitable economic policies. Business firms had to do a better job of finding out the strong needs, developing better products, and distributing them more efficiently so that consumers could afford them. In the past, some companies saw their task as simply selling what they made. When consumer interest flagged, the companies encouraged their salespeople to sell harder. They would cut the prices and offer more services. This approach often works in the short run, at least in selling out their goods, if not in increasing profits (利润). But the sales approach provides no long-run answer to raising the interest of people in buying the company's current products.
(    )29. People experienced hard time    .
A. in the 1970s
B. from the 1970s to the early 1980s   
C.    in 1973
D.    in the 1980s
(    )30. According to the passage, which of the following is not true?
A.    During the crisis, domestic markets were attacked by foreign goods.
B.    During the crisis, competition became keener.
C.    During the crisis, prices were lower.
D.    During the crisis, there were more people looking for jobs.
(    )31. The author emphasizes several points in the passage, EXCEPT    .
A. the oil crisis    B. the world political situation
C. the results of the crisis    D. the world economical situation
(    )32. The passage is taken from    .
A. a novel    B. a play    C. a report    D. a poem
(C)
First, I would like to thank the Weekend Herald (先驱报) for making your column available each week to readers.
I have been investing and saving for the last 50 years, right from the first time I saved my sixpences I was given to spend when I went to the pictures. I have taken hits from inventing in the stock market and purchasing property, and like everyone else, have had ups and downs.
I have no affiliations(联系) to any camp(集团) ,just a Mr. Joe Ordinary investor who has been lucky enough to be a saver and have some money saved for retirement.
But having followed your writings for a few years now, I would like to congratulate you on an excellent column. I find that you give a balanced view in the answers to people's questions and back up these views with sound reasoning.
I enjoy how you try to tailor individual, carefully considered answers to meet the needs of the readers' questions. For this they must be truly grateful.
I sincerely hope that you will not be so modest as to refrain from printing this letter. Long may you continue to help those people who seek your wisdom and experience.
(    )33. This piece of writing is part of    .
A. a letter to a newspaper editor    B. a letter to a column writer
C. a letter to an investment advisor    D. a letter of thanks to a professor
(    )34. The writer hopes that    .
A.    his letter will be sent to the newspaper
B.    his letter will be published
C.    the addressee will not be modest
D.    the addressee will write a letter in reply
(    )35. The writer likes the column very much because    .
A.    it is available each week
B.    he is interested in the newspaper
C.    he finds those writings in it very helpful
          D. it is popular among old readers
(    )36. Which of the following statements is NOT true to the letter?
A. The writer's first name is given.
B.    The writer's real family name is not given.
C.    The writer doesn't belong to any organization.
D.    The writer never lost money in the stock market.
IV. Translation
37. 很多化妆品能保证你看上去更年轻，但是，平衡的饮食和充足的睡眠更为重要。( ensure)
38. 使用美白产品在某些国家是被禁止的，因为其含有危害人体健康的化学成分。( ban)
39. 如果你不停地尝试又不停地放弃，你终将一事无成。(end up)
40. 在禁止酒后驾车这一运动中要对司机进行定点检查。( campaign)
41. 没有必要再为推广我们的网站做额外的努力了，我们所做的已经足够多了。( publicize)
42. 由于车子走错了方向，我们只能在不知名的山脚下停了下来。（独立主格结构）
Keys:
1. B     2.D     3.C     4. B     5.D     6. A     7. B     8. A     9. A
10. B  11. D  12. C    13. D    14. C    15. C    16. B    17. D    18. C
19. D 20. A   21. B   22. C   23. D   24. A   25. C   26. C    27. A   
28. D  29. B    30. C    31. B    32. C    33. B    34. B  35. C  36. D
37.    Many cosmetic products ensure that you will look younger. However, a balanced diet and sufficient sleep are more important.
38.    Whitening products are banned in some countries because they contain some chemical components which are harmful to people's health.
39.    If you keep trying and giving up, you will end up achieving nothing.
40.    The campaign against drink-driving will include spot checks on drivers.
41.    No extra effort is required to publicize our website, for what we have done is enough.
42.    The car going in a wrong direction, we had to stop at the foot of an unknown hill.

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