HowToAskQuestionsTheSmartWay-渣渣翻译-提问的智慧
Disclaimer
Many project websites link to this document in their sections on how to get help. That's fine, it's the use we intended — but if you are a webmaster creating such a link for your project page, please display prominently near the link notice that we are not a help desk for your project!
声明
许多项⽬在他们的使⽤协助/说明⽹站中连接了本指南，这么做是挺好的，我们也⿎励⼤家这么做，但是，如果你是负责管理这个项⽬⽹页的⼈，请在连接附近注明：本指南不提供此项⽬的实际⽀持服务
We have learned the hard way that without such a notice, we will repeatedly be pestered by idiots who think having published this document makes it our job to solve all the world's technical problems.
If you're reading this document because you need help, and you walk away with the impression you can get it directly from the authors of this document, you are one of the idiots we are talking about. Don't ask us questions. We'll just ignore you. We are here to show you how to get help from people who actually know about the software or hardware you're dealing with, but 99.9% of the time that will not be us. Unles
s you know for certain that one of the authors is an expert on what you're dealing with, leave us alone and everybody will be happier.
disclaimer ：放弃，拒绝；不承诺
intended ：故意的，有意的，打算
prominently ：显著的，重要的
repeatedly ：重复的，再三的
pestered ：纠缠
impression ：印象。感想
directly ：直接的，⽴即，马上
ignore ：忽视，不理睬
actually ：实际上
hardware ：硬件
expert ：熟练的
我们已经深刻领教到少了上述声明所带来的痛苦。因为少了这点声明，我们不停的被⼀些⽩痴骚扰纠缠，这些⽩痴认为，既然我们发布了这本指南，那么我们就有责任解决世上所有的技术问题。
如果你是因为需要某些协助，正在阅读这本指南，并且最后离开时因为发现从本指南的作者⾝上得不到直接的协助，那么你就是我们所说的那些⽩痴之⼀。别问我们问题，我们只会忽略你。我们在这本指南中是教你如何从那些懂得你所遇到软件或者硬件问题的⼈取得协助，⽽99%的情况下那不会是我们，除⾮你确定本指南的作者之⼀刚好是你所遇到的问题领域的专家，否则请不要打扰我们，这样⼤家都会开⼼⼀点。
Introduction
In the world of , the kind of answers you get to your technical questions depends as much on the way you ask the questions as on the difficulty of developing the answer. This guide will teach you how to ask questions in a way more likely to get you a satisfactory answer.
depends ：依赖
satisfactory ：令⼈满意的，符合要求的
sort out your computer翻译简介
在⿊客的世界⾥，当你抛出⼀个技术问题，最终是否能得到有⽤的回答，往往取决于你所提问和追问的⽅式。这本指南将教你如何正确的提问，来帮助你获得满意的答案。
Now that use of open source has become widespread, you can often get as good answers from other, more experienced users as from hackers. This is a Good Thing; users tend to be just a little bit more tolerant of the kind of failures newbies often have. Still, treating experienced users like hackers in the ways we recommend here will generally be the most effective way to get useful answers out of them, too.
tolerant ：容忍的
failures ：失败；故障
newbies ：初学者
recommend ：推荐，介绍
generally ：⼀般的，通常
不⽌是⿊客，现在开源软件已经相当盛⾏，你常常也可以由其他有经验的使⽤者⾝上得到好答案，这是件好事；使⽤者⽐起⿊客来，往往对那些新⼿常遇到的问题更宽容⼀些，然⽽，将有经验的使⽤者视为⿊客，并采⽤本指南所提到的⽅法与他们沟通，同样也是能从他们⾝上得到满意回答的最有效⽅式。
The first thing to understand is that hackers actually like hard problems and good, thought-provoking questions about them. If we didn't, we wouldn't be here. If you give us an interesting question to chew on we'll be grateful to you; good questions are a stimulus and a gift. Good questions help us develop our understanding, and often reveal problems we might not have noticed or thought about otherwise. Among hackers, “Good question!” is a strong and sincere compliment.
thought-provoking ：引起思考的
chew ：咀嚼
stimulus ：刺激
reveal ：显⽰，暴露
otherwise ：⽤别的⽅法，不同的
sincere ：真诚的
compliment ：赞美
⾸先，你要明⽩，⿊客喜欢有挑战性的问题，或者能激发他们思维的好问题，如果我们并⾮如此。那我们也不会成为你想询问的对象。如果你给了我们⼀个值得反复咀嚼玩味的好问题，我们⾃会对你感激不尽。好问题是激励，是厚礼。好问题可以提⾼我们的理解⼒，⽽且，通常会暴露我们之前从来没有意识或者思考过的问题。对⿊客⽽⾔，‘好问题！’是诚挚的⼤⼒称赞。
Despite this, hackers have a reputation for meeting simple questions with what looks like hostility or arrogance. It sometimes looks like we're reflexively rude to newbies and the ignorant. But this isn't really true.
despite ：不管，尽管
reputation ：名⽓
hostility ：敌意
arrogance ：傲慢，⾃⼤
reflexively ：反⾝
rude ：粗鲁的
newbies ：初学者
ignorant ：⽆知的
尽管如此，⿊客们有着蔑视或者傲慢⾯对简单问题的坏名声，这有时让我们看起来对新⼿、⽆知者似乎较有敌意，但其实不是那样的。
What we are, unapologetically, is hostile to people who seem to be unwilling to think or to do their own homework before asking questions. People like that are time sinks —they take without giving back, and they waste time we could have spent on another question more interesting and another person more worthy of an answer. We call people like this “losers” (and for historical reasons we sometimes spell it “lusers”).
unapologetically ：毫不留情地
hostile ：怀有敌意的
unwilling ：不愿意的
sinks ：（使）下沉；（使）沉没
give back ：归还；反射；恢复
我们不讳⾔我们对那些不愿思考、或者在发问前不做他们该做的事的⼈的蔑视。那些⼈是时间的杀⼿----他们只想索取，从不付出，消耗我们可以⽤在更有趣的问题或更值得回答的⼈⾝上的时间。我们称这样的⼈为失败者（loser）（由于历史原因，我们优势把它拼作lusers）。
We realize that there are many people who just want to use the software we write, and who have no interest in learning technical details. For most people, a computer is merely a tool, a means to an end; they have more important things to do and lives to live. We acknowledge that, and don't expect everyone to take an interest in the technical matters that fascinate us. Nevertheless, our style of answering questions is tuned for people who do take such an interest and are willing to be active participants in problem-solving. That's not going to change. Nor should it; if it did, we would become less effective at the things we do best.
merely ：仅仅，只不过
acknowledge ：承认
fascinate ：吸引，使着迷
Nevertheless ：仍然，然⽽，不过
participants ：参与者
我们意识到，许多⼈只是想使⽤我们写的软件，他们对学习技术细节没有兴趣，对⼤多数⼈⽽⾔，电脑只是种⼯具，是种达到⽬的的⼿段⽽已。他们有⾃⼰的⽣活且有更要紧的事要做。我们了解这点，也从不指望每个⼈都对这些让我们着迷的技术问题感兴趣。尽管如此，我们回答问题的风格是指向那些真正对此有兴趣的，并愿意主动参与解决问题的⼈，这⼀点不会变，也不该变。如果连着都变了，我们就是在降低做⾃⼰最擅长的事情上的效率。
We're (largely) volunteers. We take time out of busy lives to answer questions, and at times we're overwhelmed with them. So we filter ruthlessly. In particular, we throw away questions from people who appear to be losers in order to spend our question-answering time more efficiently, on winners.
volunteers ：志愿者，⾃动提供，⾃愿效劳
overwhelmed ：淹没，压倒
ruthlessly ：⽆情地
particular ：特定的，某⼀的
efficiently ：有效的
我们（在很⼤程度上）是⾃愿的，从繁忙的⽣活中抽出时间来解答疑惑，⽽且时常被提问淹没。所以我们⽆情的滤掉⼀些话题，特别是抛弃那些看起来像失败者的家伙，以便更⾼效的利⽤时间来回答winner的问题。
If you find this attitude obnoxious, condescending, or arrogant, check your assumptions. We're not asking you to genuflect to us — in fact, most of us would love nothing more than to deal with you as an equal and welcome you into our culture, if you put in the effort required to make that possible. But it's simply not efficient for us to try to help people who are not willing to help themselves. It's OK to be ignorant; it's not OK to play stupid.
attitude ：态度
obnoxious ：极不愉快的；讨厌的
condescending ：降低⾝份的，屈尊的
arrogant ：⾃⼤的
assumptions ：假定
genuflect ：屈膝，跪拜，
effort ：成就
efficient ：效率⾼的
ignorant ：⽆知的；愚昧的
如果你厌恶我们的态度。⾼⾼在上，活过于傲慢，不妨也设⾝处地想想。我们并没有要求你向我们屈服---事实上，我们⼤多数⼈⾮常乐意与你平等地交流，只要你付出⼩⼩努⼒来满⾜基本要求，我们就会欢迎你加⼊我们的⽂化。但让我们帮助那些不愿意帮助⾃⼰的⼈是没有效率的。⽆知没有关系，但装⽩痴就是不⾏。
So, while it isn't necessary to already be technically competent to get attention from us, it is necessary to demonstrate the kind of attitude that leads to competence — alert, thoughtful, observant, willing to be an active partner in developing a solution. If you can't live with this sort of discrimination, we suggest you pay somebody for a commercial support contract instead of asking hackers to personally donate help to you.
competent ：有能⼒的
demonstrate ：证明，演⽰，论证
competence ：能⼒，技能
observant ：善于观察的，观察⼒敏锐的
discrimination ：歧视，辨别
commercial ：商业的，商务的
contract ：感染；订约，合同，婚约
personally ：亲⾃的，就个⼈⽽⾔
donate ：捐赠，捐献
所以，你不必在技术上很在⾏才能吸引我们的注意，但你必须表现出能引导你变得在⾏的特质---机敏、有想法、善于观察、乐于主动参与解决问题。如果你做不到这些使你与众不同的事情，我们建议你花点钱家商业公司签个技术⽀持服务合同，⽽不是要求⿊客个⼈⽆偿帮助你。
If you decide to come to us for help, you don't want to be one of the losers. You don't want to seem like one, either. The best way to get a rapid and responsive answer is to ask it like a person with smarts, confidence, and clues who just happens to need help on one particular problem.
rapid ：快的；急速的
responsive ：反应
clues ：线索
particular ：特定的，某⼀的
如果你决定向我们求助，当然你也不希望被视为失败者，更不愿成为失败者中的⼀员。能⽴即得到快速并有效答案的最好⽅法，就是像赢家那样提问---聪明，⾃信，有解决问题
的思路，只是偶尔在特定问题上需要获得⼀点帮助。
(Improvements to this guide are welcome. You can mail suggestions to or . Note however that this document is not intended to be a general guide to , and we will generally reject suggestions that are not specifically related to eliciting useful answers in a technical forum.)
improvement ：改善
intend ：打算
general ：⼀般的
netiquette ：⽹络礼节
generally ：
reject ：拒绝
eliciting ：引出，探出
forum ：论坛。讨论会
（欢迎对本指南提出改进意见，你可以email你的建议⾄或 .然⽽请注明，本⽂并⾮⽹络礼节的通⽤指南，⼆我们通常会拒绝⽆助于在技术论坛得到有⽤答案的建议。）
Before You Ask
Before asking a technical question by e-mail, or in a newsgroup, or on a website chat board, do the following:
1. Try to find an answer by searching the archives of the forum or mailing list you plan to post to.
2. Try to find an answer by searching the Web.
3. Try to find an answer by reading the manual.
4. Try to find an answer by reading a FAQ.
5. Try to find an answer by inspection or experimentation.
6. Try to find an answer by asking a skilled friend.
7. If you're a programmer, try to find an answer by reading the source code.
mailing ：邮件
manual ：⽤⼿的，⼿⼯的
inspection ：检查，视察
experimentation ：试验，实验
skilled ：熟练的，有技能的，需要技能的
source ：来源，原始资料
在提问之前
在你准备通过电⼦邮件、新闻组或者聊天室提出技术问题前，请先做到以下事情。
1. 尝试在你准备提问的论坛中搜索答案。
2. 尝试上⽹搜索以到答案。
3. 尝试阅读⼿册以到答案。
4. 尝试阅读常见问题⽂件（FAQ）以到答案。
5. 尝试⾃⼰检测或试验以到答案。
6. 向你⾝边的强者朋友打听以到答案。
7. 如果你是程序开发者，请尝试阅读源代码以到答案。
When you ask your question, display the fact that you have done these things first; this will help establish that you're not being a lazy sponge and wasting people's time. Better yet, display what you have learned from doing these things. We like answering questions for people who have demonstrated they can learn from the answers.
establish ：建⽴，安置，确定
sponge ：海绵
demonstrated ：举⾏⽰威游⾏；说明。论证，证明
当你提出问题的时候，请先表明你已经做了以上努⼒，这有助于树⽴你并不是⼀个不劳⽽获且浪费别⼈的时间的提问者，如果你能⼀并表达在做了上述努⼒的过程中学到的东西更好，因为我们更乐于回答那些表现出能从答案中学习的⼈的问题。
Use tactics like doing a Google search on the text of whatever error message you get (searching as well as Web pages). This might well take you straight to fix documentation or a mailing list thread answering your question. Even if it doesn't, saying “I googled on the following phrase but didn't get any
thing that looked promising” is a good thing to do in e-mail or news postings requesting help, if only because it records what searches won't help. It will also help to direct other people with similar problems to your thread by linking the search terms to what will hopefully be your problem and resolution thread.
tactics ：战术，战略，⼿段
straight ：直的
thread ：线，细线，线索，思路
following phrase ：下⾯的短语
promising ：有希望的，有前途的
运⽤某些策略，⽐如先⽤Google搜索你所遇到的各种错误信息，（即搜索Google论坛，也搜索⽹页）。这样很可能直接就到了能解决问题的⽂件或邮件列表线索。即使没有结果，在邮件列表或新闻组寻求帮助时加上⼀句--我在google中搜过下列句⼦但没有什么有⽤的东西也是件好事，即使它只是表名了搜索引擎不能提供那些帮助。这么做（加上搜索过的⼦串）也让遇到相似问题的其他⼈能被搜索引擎引导到你的提问来。
Take your time. Do not expect to be able to solve a complicated problem with a few seconds of Googling. Read and understand the FAQs, sit back, relax and give the problem some thought before approaching experts. Trust us, they will be able to tell from your questions how much reading and thinking you did, and will be more willing to help if you come prepared. Don't instantly fire your whole arsenal of questions just because your first search turned up no answers (or too many).
expect ：预料，预期
complicated ：结构复杂的
approaching ：侵⼊，接近。
expert ：熟练的；内⾏的
instantly ：⽴刻，⽴即，马上
arsenal ：兵⼯⼚，军⽕库
别着急。不要指望⼏秒钟的Google搜索就能解决⼀个复杂的问题。在向专家求助之前，再阅读⼀下常见问题⽂件（FAQ）、放轻松，坐舒服⼀些，在花点时间思考⼀下这个问题。相信我们，他们能从你的提
问看出你做了多少阅读与思考，如果你是有备⽽来，将更有可能得到解答。不要将所有问题⼀股脑抛出，只因你的第⼀次搜索没有到答案（或者到太多答案）
Prepare your question. Think it through. Hasty-sounding questions get hasty answers, or none at all. The more you do to demonstrate that having put thought and effort into solving your problem before seeking help, the more likely you are to actually get help.
hasty ：仓促完成的，急忙的
Hasty-sounding ：草率⾏事
demonstrate ：说明，演⽰，证明，
thought ：思想，思考
actually ：实际上
准备好你的问题，再将问题仔细的思考过⼀遍，因为草率的发问只能得到草率的回答，或者根本得不到任何答案。越是能表现出在寻求帮助前，你为解决问题所付出的努⼒，你越有可能得到实质性的帮助。
Beware of asking the wrong question. If you ask one that is based on faulty assumptions, J. Random Hacker is quite likely to reply with a uselessly literal answer while thinking “”, and hoping the experience of getting what you asked for rather than what you needed will teach you a lesson.
faulty ：有错误的
assumption ：假定
⼩⼼别问错了问题。如果你的问题基于错误的假设，某个普通⿊客多半会⼀边在⼼⾥想着蠢问题，⼀边⽤⽆意义的⼉字⾯解释来答复你，希望着你会从问题的回答（⽽⾮你想得到的答案）中汲取教训。
Never assume you are entitled to an answer. You are not; you aren't, after all, paying for the service. You will earn an answer, if you earn it, by asking a substantial, interesting, and thought-provoking question — one that implicitly contributes to the experience of the community rather than merely passively demanding knowledge from others.
assume ：假定
entitled ：有资格，题名为，书名叫做
substantial ：坚固的，结实的，⼤量的，实质的，/səb'stænʃ(ə)l/
provoking ：刺激的，令⼈⽣⽓的
thought provoking：发⼈深思的
provoke ：激起，惹怒
implicitly ：含蓄的，暗⽰的
contributes ：捐献，捐助
community ：社区，社会，团体
merely ：仅仅，只不过
passively ：被动的
demanding ：很费⼼的
demand ：要求，需要
绝不要⾃以为够格得到答案，你没有；你并没有。毕竟你没有为这种服务⽀付任何报酬。你将会是⾃⼰去挣到⼀个答案，靠提出有内涵的、有趣的、有思维激励作⽤的问题-------⼀个潜⼒能贡献社区经验的问题，⽽不仅仅是被动的从他⼈处索取知识。
On the other hand, making it clear that you are able and willing to help in the process of developing the solution is a very good start. “Would someone provide a pointer?”, “What is my example missing?”, and “What site should I have checked?” are more likely to get answered than “Please post the exact procedure I should use.” because you're making it clear that you're truly willing to complete the process if someone can just point you in the right direction.
process ：处理，加⼯，过程
procedure ：程序，步骤
truly ：真实的
direction ：⽅向
另⼀⽅⾯，表明你愿意在答案的过程中做点什么是⼀个⾮常好的开端。谁能给点提⽰？、我的这个例⼦⾥缺了什么？以及我应该检查什么地⽅⽐请把我需要的确切的过程贴出来更容易得到答复。因为你表
现出只要有⼈能指个正确⽅向，你就有完成它的能⼒和决⼼。
When You Ask
Choose your forum carefully
Be sensitive in choosing where you ask your question. You are likely to be ignored, or written off as a loser, if you:
post your question to a forum where it's off topic
post a very elementary question to a forum where advanced technical questions are expected, or vice-versa
cross-post to too many different newsgroups
post a personal e-mail to somebody who is neither an acquaintance of yours nor personally responsible for solving your problem
Hackers blow off questions that are inappropriately targeted in order to try to protect their communications channels from being drowned in irrelevance. You don't want this to happen to you.
sensitive ：敏感的
ignored ：忽略
elementary ：基本的，初级的
advance ：（使）前进；提⾼，提出
expected ：预期的，预料的
vice-versa ：反之亦然
cross-post ：交叉邮寄，（有道翻译，）应该是⼀个帖⼦贴到多个论坛
acquaintance ：相识的⼈，熟⼈/ə'kweɪnt(ə)ns/
responsible ：负有责任的
blow ：殴打，打击
blow off ：踢出，吹掉
inappropriately ：不适当的
targeted ：定向的，
target ：⽬标，靶⼦
communication ：交流
drowned ：淹没
irrelevance ：⽆关，枝节问题
当你提问时
慎选提问的论坛
⼩⼼选择你要提问的场合，如果你做了下述的事情，你很可能被忽略掉或者被看作失败者。
在与主题不合的论坛上贴出你的问题。
在探讨进阶问题的论坛张贴⾮常初级的问题；反之亦然。
在太多的不同新闻组上转帖同样的问题。
向既⾮熟⼈也没有义务解决你问题的⼈发送私⼈电邮。
⿊客会踢出那些搞错场合的问题，以保护他们沟通的渠道不被⽆关的东西淹没。你不会想让这种事发⽣在⾃⼰的⾝上的。
The first step, therefore, is to find the right forum. Again, Google and other Web-searching methods are your friend. Use them to find the project webpage most closely associated with the hardware or software giving you difficulties. Usually it will have links to a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) list, and to project mailing lists and their archives. These mailing lists are the final places to go for help, if your own efforts (including reading those FAQs you found) do not find you a solution. The project page may also describe a bug-reporting procedure, or have a link to one; if so, follow it.
associated ：联合的
Frequently ：频繁的
archives ：档案
procedure ：程序
因此，第⼀步是到对的论坛。再说⼀次，Google 和其它搜索引擎还是你的朋友，⽤它们来到与你遭遇到困难的软硬件问题最相关的⽹站。通常那⼉都有常见问题（FAQ）、邮件列表及相关说明⽂件的链接。如果你的努⼒（包括阅读 FAQ）都没有结果，⽹站上也许还有报告 Bug（Bug-reporting）的流程或链接，如果是这样，链过去看看。
Shooting off an e-mail to a person or forum which you are not familiar with is risky at best. For example, do not assume that the author of an informative webpage wants to be your free consultant. Do not make optimistic guesses about whether your question will be welcome — if you're unsure, send it elsewhere, or refrain from sending it at all.
risky ：危险的
assume ：假定
informative ：提供信息的
consultant ：顾问
optimistic : 乐观的
refrain ：制⽌，避免，截⽌
向陌⽣的⼈或论坛发送邮件可能是风险最⼤的事情。举例来说，别假设⼀个提供丰富内容的⽹页的作者会想充当你的免费顾问。不要对你的问题是否会受到欢迎做太乐观的估计-- 如果你不确定，那就向别处发送，或者压根别发。
When selecting a Web forum, newsgroup or mailing list, don't trust the name by itself too far; look for a FAQ or charter to verify your question is on-topic. Read some of the back traffic before posting so you'll get a feel for how things are done there. In fact, it's a very good idea to do a keyword search for words relating to your problem on the newsgroup or mailing list archives before you post. It may find you an answer, and if not it will help you formulate a better question.
verify ：核实
traffic ：交通，贸易，运输，通信量
relating ：关联
relate ：把。。。联系起来，讲述
archive ：档案
formulate ：构想出，规划，确切的阐述
在选择论坛、新闻组或邮件列表时，别太相信名字，先看看 FAQ 或者许可书以弄清楚你的问题是否切题。发⽂前先翻翻已有的话题，这样可以让你感受⼀下那⾥的⽂化。事实上，事先在新闻组或邮件列表的历史记录中搜索与你问题相关的关键词是个极好的主意，也许这样就到答案了。即使没有，也能帮助你归纳出更好的问题。
Don't shotgun-blast all the available help channels at once, that's like yelling and irritates people. Step through them softly.
别像机关似的⼀次"扫射"所有的帮助渠道，这就像⼤喊⼤叫⼀样会使⼈不快。要⼀个⼀个地来。
Know what your topic is! One of the classic mistakes is asking questions about the Unix or Windows programming interface in a forum devoted to a language or library or tool portable across both. If you don't understand why this is a blunder, you'd be best off not asking any questions at all until you get it.
shotgun-blast ：
shotgun ：散弹猎，
blast ：爆炸，猛攻，⼀阵
yelling ：⼤喊⼤叫
irritates ：刺激
softly ：温柔的，柔和的
interface ：界⾯
devoted ：专⼼的，恩爱的，
portable ：便于携带的
blunder ：（因⽆知，粗⼼）造成的错误。犯错误
搞清楚你的主题！最典型的错误之⼀是在某种致⼒于跨平台可移植的语⾔、套件或⼯具的论坛中提关于 Unix 或 Windows 操作系统程序界⾯的问题。如果你不明⽩为什么这是⼤错，最好在搞清楚这之间差异之前什么也别问。
In general, questions to a well-selected public forum are more likely to get useful answers than equivalent questions to a private one. There are multiple reasons for this. One is simply the size of the pool of potential respondents. Another is the size of the audience; hackers would rather answer questions that educate many people than questions serving only a few.
equivalent ：相等的，相当的
multiple ：多样的，许多的，多重的
potential ：潜在的
audience ：观众
educate ：教育
版权声明：本站内容均来自互联网，仅供演示用，请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198，我们将在24小时内删除。
发表评论