山东师范大学
硕士学位论文
论形宾动词
姓名:***
申请学位级别:硕士专业:汉语言文字指导教师:***
2000.4.1
摘要
形容词的主要功能是作谓语、定语,何时能够作宾语。与前面充当述语的动词的性质有很大关系。我们以《现代汉语词典》为主,参考其他词典,并通过大量语料验证,从中确定了271个形宾动词。通过定量分析,细致考察了动词与形容词性宾语在搭配上的句法、语义特点,以及形容词性宾语的特点,以求对形宾动词有一个全面的认识。
(形宾,指单个形容词和以形容词为中心语的具有跟形容词相同的语法功能的短语充当的宾语。充当宾语
的形容词短语主要由形容词前加状语或后加补语构成。能够直接带形容词性宾语的单个动词,称为形宾动词。
根据宾语性质的不同,分为名词性宾语、动词性宾语、形容词性宾语和小句宾语。按照这四种宾语形式考察形宾动词,形宾动词分为七类。其语义类型首先分为持续性动词和非持续性动词,然后又各自分为小类,讨论各小类动词本身的特点,例如能否单独作宾语、能否重叠等。
汉语语法研究中,朱德熙首先提出了陈述、指称的概念,并且指出谓词性宾语可以分成指称性宾语和陈述性宾语两类。我们考察了271个形宾动词所带形宾的表述功能,一共有四种情况。我们分别讨论这四种情况中形宾动词的特点,出它们的区别所在。形宾的表述功能主要与前面的形宾动词的性质有关。
形宾既可以是单个形容词,也可以是形容词性短语。有的形宾动词既可以带单个形容词,也可以带扩展后的形容词性短语。有的形宾动词只能够带单个的形容词,形宾不能够再进行扩展。本文从此角度。研究形宾的扩展形式与形宾动词的关系。
在现代汉语中,动词音节个数对其搭配功能、充当句法成分等功能都有影响。我们着重考察了一下单双音节形宾动词与形宾之间的选择搭配特点。我们发现,在搭配形宾的音节选择上,单音节形宾动词比较自由,双音节形宾动词受到某些限制。
形容词性词语在整个句子中作宾语的句子,我们称之为形宾句。形宾句绝大多数是陈述旬,有的是疑问句和感叹句,但不能构成祈使句。
“把”字句和“被”字句都表示广义的处置意义,一般情况下,形宾旬不能直接转换成‘‘把”字句和‘‘被”字句,有极少数例外。
形宾句的主语构成也有其特点,一般由表示处所、人、某一动作行为等的词语来充当。),一、广一一
关键词:形宾形宾动词r陈述指称形宾句
ABSTRACT
Themainfunctionofadjectivesjstobepredicateandattributive.Butsometimestheadjectivecanactalsoasobjectaccordingtothenatureofthe
predicativeverb.WemainlymakeuseofModemChineseDictionarytogetherwithotherdictionariestotestandascertain27ladjective—as-objectverbs.Theauthorexaminesmeticulouslythesyntaxandsemanticc
haracteristicsofthe
collocationofverbandadjectiveobject,alongwiththecharacteristicsofadjective—as·objectclauses,inordertohaveacomprehensiveknowledgeofadjective—as—objectverbs.
AdjectiveobjectreferstoeachindividuaIadjectiveandthephraseswithadjectivesaskeywordsandgrammaticallyadjectivefunction.AdjectivesasobjectsaremainlyformedbyadverbialsbeforeorcomplementsafteradjectivesEachverbthatcanhavealladjectiveobjectdirectlyiscalledanadjective·-as-objectverb.
Objectsareclassifiedasnounobjects,verbobjects,adjectiveobjectandclauseobjectinaccordancewiththenatureoftheobjectsThusadjective-as—obje
ctverbsaremadeupofalltogetherseventypesaccordingtotheabovefourkindsofobjects.Firstofalltheseverbsareclassifiedsemanticallyascontinuousverbsandincontinuousverbs,andfurther,bothkindsareclassifiedrespectivelyassubclasses.ThethesisgoesontodiSCUSSthecharacteristiesofeachsubclass.Forexample.whetheritcarlfunctionaloneastheobject,orwhetheritisrepeatable
InthestudentofChinesegrammar.ZhuDexiiSthefirsttodefinetheterms“declaration’’and‘'reference”.pointingoutthatpredicativeobjectsconsistofdeclarativeobjectsandreferentialobjects.TheauthoralSOexaminesthe
descfiptivefunctionoftheadjectiveobjectsofthe271adjective—as—objectverb,concludingthattherearefourkindsofadjective·-as··objectsverbsaccor
dingtodifferentobjects,andthenthethesisdealswiththefeaturesofthesefouradjective.as,objectverbstofindouttheirdifferences.Thedescriptivefunctionofanadjectiveobjoctdefendsonthenatureoftheverbbeforeit.
Artadjectiveobjectcouldbeanadjectivealone.oranadjectivephrase.Someadjective—asobjectverbseoutdbefollowedbyanadjectiveorbyallextendedadjectivephrase,whereassomeothersCOuldonlybefollowedbyanadjectiveFromthepointofview,thethesisstudiestherelationshipbetweentheextendedformsofadjectiveobjectsand'adjec咖e-as-objectverbs.
sort out造句简单InmodemChinese,thenumberofverbsyllableshascertaininfluenceuponthecollocationrun.ionoftheverbanditsfunctionasasyntaxelement.
Emphatically,theauthorstudiestheselectivelycollocationfeaturebetweenadjective—as-objectverbsofoneandtwosyllablesandadjectiveobjectsWefindthatSOforascollocationadjectiveobjectareconcerned,adjective-as-objectverbsofsinglesyllablesaremoreunrestricted,whilethoseofdoublesyllables
arerestrictedtosomeextent.
Thesenteneewheretheadjectiveplaystheroleofailobiectiscalledanadjective—as-objectsentence.Mostofthissortofsentencesaredeclarativesentence,someoftheminterrogativesentence,butnoexclamatoryandimperativesentences,tobesure
Sentenceswith“把”and“被”allhavethemeaningofdisposition.
Generally,fewadjective-as--objectverbscanbetransformeddirectlyintosentenceswith“把”and“被”,mostofthemcannot
Thesubjectofalladjective.as.objectsentencehasilsowncharacteristics.namely,itisundertakenbythewordsthatrepresentplaceorpersonoraction.
Keywords:adjectiveobject,adjective·as-objectverb,declaration,representation,adjective·-as—objectsentence

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