非谓语动词的句法功能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词
非谓语做题步骤
解答语法填空时,首先分析句子结构,假设句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时,所给动词必定用非谓语动词;然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分,初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式;最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法,同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求,再结合与逻辑主语的关系,确定该填哪种形式。
可以按照以下四步来解答
一、分析句子结构,区分“谓与非谓〞
二 逻辑主语
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
_____these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing .
_____ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent.  ( see)
三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
2. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A.was washed           
B. washed
C.were washed         
D.having washed
四、分析时态
1. The building _C___now will be a restaurant .
2. The building __B__ next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building __D____last year is a restaurant.
A.having been built     
B.to be built
C.being built                 
D. built
非谓语动词〔done〕的用法讲解
一 作宾补
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用-ed形式。
例如:
While she was getting me ___ (settle) into a tiny but clean room…
思路分析:因句中已有谓语was getting,所以settle应是非谓语动词;又由settle sb. into/in/on…(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知,me与settle是被动关系,要用过去分词用宾补,故填settled。
注意:
1〕·在with的宾语后,假设用-ed形式,表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系,且意味着该动作已经完成
2〕·get…done=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。
3〕·make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补,表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。
例如:
Alexander tried to get his work __________ (recognize) in the medical circles.
recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词〞结构。其中的“宾语〞与其后的“过去分词〞之间为被动关系。
二 作状语
(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时,假设与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系,用-ed形式。
(2)在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词〞结构中,当分词与主句主语是被动关系时用-ed形式。
例如:
Though ________ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm wele.
surprised, 因the professor与surprise是被动关系,故用“连词+过去分词〞作状语。
_____ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
seen, 由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系,故要选过去分词作状语。
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________(carry) out regularly, can improve our health.
carried,由于exercise(锻炼) 与carry out(进展,执行) 之间为被动关系,故用“连词+过去分词〞作状语,if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly
三 作定语
tabletime是什么意思分词作定语:被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用-ed形式。
例如:
I’m calling to enquire about the position _____ (advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily.
advertised, 由于position(职位) 与 advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系,且广告昨天已经刊发了,故用过去分词作定语。
So far nobody has claimed the money ________ (discover) in the library.
discovered, 由于money与discover之间为被动关系,由句意可知,钱“已经〞被发现,故用过去分词作定语。
四 作表语
分词作表语如此说明主语的性质 像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到……的〞。
实例解析
1 Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ (borrow) from the library.
borrowed, 因maps与borrow之间为被动关系;再根据句意,地图是“已经〞借来了,所以用过去分词作定语。
2 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _____(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
laid, 短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子〞,因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
3 A great number of students ____________ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.
questioned,由于students与question(提问,询问) 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。
4 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________(amuse) with her stories.
amused, 意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快〞,表示人“感到愉快〞,用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的),故填amused。
5 Almost  33  ( freeze), the old man could not get off the ground.
frozen, 因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。
6 It was a presidential talk  33  (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.
delivered, 过去分词作后置定语。
非谓语动词可能出现的考查点与易错点:
一).使用非谓动词的语言结构。
1〕在“句子, and/or/but +句子〞的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头〞的祈使句,四个答案外表上象非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.
2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.
A. Study  B. To study  C. Studying  D. Studied  【答案:AA】
2〕在“句子,非句子〞结构中,非句子局部用非谓语:
3. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.
A. make B. to make  C. making  D. made  【答案:C】
3〕在“非句子,句子〞结构中,非句子局部用非谓语:
4. _________with children, I know what is needed most.
A. Working  B. Having worked  C. Worked  D. To work 【答案:B】
4)  在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语〞结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词:
5. With her baby _____ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.
A. sleep  B. slept  C. to sleep  D. sleeping  【答案:D】
6. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.

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