药物剂型的英文
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
Pharmaceutical dosage forms refer to the different ways in which drugs are formulated and presented to patients for administration. These dosage forms play a crucial role in ensuring the efficacy, safety, and convenience of drug delivery. In this article, we will explore various commonly used pharmaceutical dosage forms and their English names to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
1. Tablets
Tablets are solid dosage forms produced by compressing or molding a drug substance with other excipients. These easily administered and portable dosage forms are widely used due to their stability and ease of manufacturing. Some common tablet formulations include immediate-release tablets, delayed-release tablets, and extended-release tablets.tablet英文
2. Capsules
Capsules are solid dosage forms that consist of drugs encapsulated within gelatin shells. They are generally available in two types: hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. Hard gelatin capsules contain dry, powdery substances, while soft gelatin capsules typically contain liquid or semi-solid substances. This dosage form allows for the easy administration of drugs and can be used for various purposes, such as masking unpleasant tastes or odors.
3. Syrups
Syrups are liquid dosage forms characterized by a high sugar content, which acts as a preservative and gives them a sweet taste. They are suitable for drugs that are water-soluble or water-alcohol soluble. Syrups are commonly used for pediatric patients or individuals who have difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms. Examples of syrups include cough syrup, antacid syrup, and vitamin syrup.
4. Injections
Injections are sterile liquid dosage forms that are administered directly into the bloodstream or a specific site within the body. This route of administration ensures rapid drug absorption and is often used for drugs that require immediate action. Injections can be intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), or intradermal (ID), depending on the intended site of administration. IV injections are administered directly into the veins, IM injections into the muscles, SC injections into the fatty tissue beneath the skin, and ID injections into the dermis layer of the skin.
5. Creams
Creams are semi-solid dosage forms that are intended for topical application. They are composed of a drug substance dispersed in a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion base. Creams provide localized therapeutic effects and are commonly used for dermatological conditions. Examples include antifungal creams, anti-inflammatory creams, and moisturizing creams.
6. Suppositories
Suppositories are solid dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into body cavities, such as the rectum or vagina. They melt or dissolve upon administration, releasing the drug locally or systemically. This dosage form is particularly useful when oral administration is not feasible or desired. Examples of suppositories include rectal suppositories for constipation relief and vaginal suppositories for yeast infections.
7. Inhalers
Inhalers are dosage forms that deliver medication directly to the respiratory system. They typically consist of a pressurized canister containing a drug formulation or a dry powdered drug. Inhalers are widely used for the treatment of respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They offer targeted delivery of medication to the lungs, allowing for quick absorption and relief of symptoms.
In conclusion, pharmaceutical dosage forms play a critical role in drug delivery and patient compliance. The selection of an appropriate dosage form depends on factors such as the drug's properties, target site of action, and patient population. Understanding the English n
ames for different dosage forms can facilitate effective communication among healthcare professionals and enable patients to make informed decisions regarding their medication.

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