专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷121 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.  2. 
SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
    (1)Every April I am troubled by the same concern-that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest forming a single gray color, like the light color an artist paints on a canvas before the masterwork. My spirit ebbs, as it did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. “Just wait,” a neighbor counseled. “You’ll wake up one morning and spring will just be here.” And look, on May 3 that year, I awoke to a green so startling as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of moving a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and greens. Leaves had unfurled, birds had arrived at the feeder and daffodils were fighting their way towards heaven.    (2)It w
as almost too much to bear, this assault of color, this world of spring in suddenly rapid motion. I watched as those aforementioned hills, sky, and forest revealed their appealing purples, blues, and greens. And after my eyes had feasted, the lilacs and honeysuckles competed for attention, exuding a dizzying fragrance.    (3)In my neighborhood, there is an old apple tree on an undeveloped lot. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. Rising unkempt between railroad tracks and asphalt, its dark, twisted branches sprawl heavenward and earthward in a mire of unpruned abandon. In winter, this tree looks dead as a doornail. And yet each spring, it blossoms so profusely that the air becomes saturated with the aroma of apple. When I drive through it, I make sure my windows are rolled down. It gives me the feeling of moving in another element, like a kid on a water slide.    (4)Until last year, I thought I was the only one who was even aware of this tree. And then, one day, in a fit of spring madness, I set out with pruner and lopper in hand and headed straight for it. I felt that by removing some dead wood and a few errant branches, I would perhaps prevent its being injured by the weight of its own growth. No sooner had I arrived under its boughs than windows began to go up and neighbors leaned out on sills and stepped onto t
heir porches. Like a person who changes seats on a bus in transit, I had elicited some sort of suspicion. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had stepped unbidden into their personal gardens.    (5)My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. “You’re not going to cut it down, are you?” she asked anxiously. Another neighbor, whose name I knew but little else, called to me. He, too, wanted to question my intentions and winced as I lopped off a wrong-headed branch. “Don’t kill it, now,” he cautioned.    (6)In time, half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple arbor. It struck me that I had lived in this neighborhood for five years and only now was learning these people’s names, what they did for a living, and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree were gathering us under its boughs for the sole purpose of acquaintanceship. I recalled Frost’s words about the power of trees:    The trees that have it in their pent-up buds    To darken nature and be     (7)And, he might have added, “to draw those together who might otherwise never have spoken.”(8)So one thaw had lead to another. Just the other day, I met one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and hard. He lamented not h
aving seen or spoken to anyone in our neighborhood at length. And then, recouping his thoughts, he looked at me and said, “We need to prune that apple tree again.”
 
1． By saying that “my spirit ebbs”(Para. 1), the author means that ______.
A．he was relieved
B．he was gloomy
C．he was surprised
D．he was tired
正确答案：B
解析：从第1段第4句中邻居所说的“再等等吧”以及第1句中的Every April I am troubled by the same concern可知，和15年前那个四月的下雪天初次来到缅因州时一样，作者现在来到此地
时，心情低沉，担心春天不会来了。所以，my spirit ebbs是指“情绪低落”，ebb的意思是“(潮)退；(情绪)低落、衰退”，选B。 知识模块：阅读
2． The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to ______.
A．be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood
B．have been abandoned by its original owner
C．have been neglected by everyone in the community
D．be attractive only to the author
正确答案：A
解析：第4至6段作者讲述了自己的经历：给苹果树修剪枝丫时，发现邻居都走出来，十分关心苹果树的情况。也因为这棵苹果树，“我”和邻居之间的距离拉近了。最后一段讲到一位邻居提出再修剪一次苹果树，以把大家聚集起来。这些都说明苹果树深得整个街区居民的喜爱，因此本题应选A。注意不要被第3段第3句末尾的abandon误导而选B，在原文中，aband
on并不是“抛弃”之意，而是“无拘无束地生长；放任”的意思。 知识模块：阅读
3． In Para. 4, “neighbors leaned out on sills and stepped onto their porches” probably because ______.
A．they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree
B．they wanted to prevented the author from pruning the tree
C．they were concerned about the safety of the tree
D．they wanted to get to know the author
正确答案：C
解析：根据第5段邻居们所说的话“你不会把它砍倒的，对吧?”、“别弄死它!”以及anxiously和cautioned等词可以知道邻居是因为担心苹果树的安危，所以在作者开始修剪树枝的时候，他们都走出来了。由此可见。本题应选C。 知识模块：阅读
4． Not until last year did the author ______.
A．cease to worry about the tree
B．become aware of the apple tree
C．begin to appreciate the neighborhood
D．make acquaintance with the neighbors
正确答案：D
解析：根据题干中的until last year定位到第4段第1句。第4至6段可以视为文章的中心部分，这一部分讲作者直到去年因为修剪苹果树才开始与邻居有了交流。第4段中的These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to以及第6段中的for the sole purpose of acquaintanceship直接说明本题应选D。 知识模块：阅读
    (1)Patients and doctors have long understood the power of telling and listening to personal narratives. Whether among patients in peer support groups or between doctors and patients in the exam room or even between doctors during consultations, stories are a
n essential part of how we communicate, interpret experiences and incorporate new information into our lives.    (2)Despite the existence of storytelling in medicine, research on its effects in the clinical setting has remained relatively thin. While important, a vast majority of studies have been anecdotal, offering up neither data nor statistics but rather stories to back up the authors’ claims.    (3)Now The Annals of Internal Medicine has published the results of a provocative new trial examining the effects of storytelling on patients with high blood pressure. And it appears that at least for one group of patients, listening to personal narratives helped control high blood pressure as effectively as the addition of more medications.    (4)Monitoring the blood pressure of nearly 300 African-American patients who lived in urban areas and had known hypertension, the researchers at three-month intervals gave half the patients videos of similar patients telling stories about their own experiences. The rest of the patients received videos of more generic and impersonal health announcements on topics like dealing with stress. While all the patients who received the storytelling DVD had better blood pressure control on average, those who started out with uncontrolled hypertension were able to achieve and maintain a drop as sig
spring怎么读语音英语nificant as it had been for patients in previous trials testing drug regimens.    (5)”Telling and listening to stories is the way we make sense of our lives,” said Dr. Thomas K. Houston, lead author of the study and a researcher at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester and the Veterans Affairs medical center in Bedford, Mass. “That natural tendency may have the potential to alter behavior and improve health.”    (6)Experts in this emerging field of narrative communication say that storytelling effectively counteracts the initial denial that can arise when a patient learns of a new diagnosis or is asked to change deeply ingrained behaviors. Patients may react to this news by thinking, “This is not directly related to me,” or “My experience is different.” Stories help break down that denial by engaging the listener, often through some degree of identification with the storyteller or one of the characters.    (7)”The magic of stories lies in the relatedness they foster,”Dr. Houston said. “Marketers have known mis for a long time, which is why you see so many stories in advertisements.”    (8)In health care, storytelling may have its greatest impact on patients who distrust the medical system or who have difficulty understanding or acting on health information because they may find personal narratives easier to digest. St
ories may also help those patients who struggle with more “silent” chronic diseases, like diabetes or high blood pressure. In these cases, stories can help patients realize the importance of addressing a disease that has few obvious or immediate symptoms. “These types of patients and diseases may be a particular ‘sweet spot’ for storytelling,” Dr. Houston noted.    (9)This particular benefit from stories comes as welcome news not only for patients but also for doctors, who are increasingly reimbursed based on patient outcomes. “There’s only so much the doctor can do, so providers are looking for innovative ways to help their patients,” Dr. Houston said. While more research still needs to be done, the possibilities for integrating storytelling into clinical practice are numerous. In one possible situation, which is not all that dissimilar from popular dating sites, doctors and patients would be able to access Web sites that would match patients to videos of similar patients recounting their own experiences with the same disease.    (10)Dr. Houston is currently involved in several more studies mat will examine the broader use of storytelling in patient care and describe ways in which it can best be integrated. Nonetheless, he remains certain of one thing: Sharing narratives can be a powerful tool for doctors and patients.    (11)”Stor
ytelling is human,” Dr. Houston said. “We learn through stories, and we use them to make sense of our lives. It’s a natural extension to think that we could use stories to improve our health.”
 
5． Claims in anecdotal studies are supported by ______.
A．solid evidence
B．personal narratives
C．systematic data
D．scientific statistics
正确答案：B
解析：根据题干中的anecdotal studies定位到第2段最后一句。该句中的分词结构offering．
．．说明了这些研究不靠data或statistics说话，只依靠stories。根据第1段可知stories就是personal narratives的意思，因此本题应选B。 知识模块：阅读
6． According to Para. 6, patients may find that the stories are ______.
A．seldom directly related to them
B．completely different from their experiences
C．more interesting than diagnoses or doctors’ advice
D．similar to their experiences in one way or another
正确答案：D
解析：第6段最后一句指出了病人对“讲故事”这种方式的态度。该句提到“故事”能让听者(即病人)放下抗拒情绪，因为病人或多或少会对讲故事的人或故事中的人物产生认同感，即他们能够产生共鸣，D与原文的意思最接近，为本题答案。该段第2句中的news并不指“故事”，而是指第1句提到的“一个新的诊断”和“被要求改变积习”的消息，因此A、B不正确；C无原文支持。
知识模块：阅读
7． Marketers have been aware of the importance of______.
A．establishing similarities between stories in ads and consumers
B．creating adventurous experiences for consumers
C．telling and listening to stories in medicine
D．sharing personal narratives between doctors and patients
正确答案：A
解析：根据题干中的Marketers定位到第7段。查到该段可知解题关键是Marketers have known this for a long time中this的所指，在该段中，this指第1句提到的内容，而第1句中的关键词是relatedness，即故事与听者的相关性，故事能让听者产生共鸣。在营销上，即可以理解为要让“消费者在广告故事中到共鸣”。由此可见，本题应选A。B无原文依据；C、D均与Marketers这一主题无关。 知识模块：阅读
    (1)Almost 60% of five-year-olds in some of Britain’s poorest areas do not reach a “good level” of behaviour and understanding—double that found in wealthier suburban parts of England, a review into Britain’s widening social and health inequalities says.    (2)Inequalities in children’s development between local authorities are revealed by data published by Sir Michael Marmot, professor of epidemiology(流行病学)and public health at University College London, who last year produced a landmark government review into how wealth affects health. The key determinants of health, he argues, relate to a host of issues including employment, the welfare state and child development.    (3)His new report shows that 44% of all five-year-olds in England are considered by their teachers to be falling behind in their development. However in commuter towns, such as Solihull and Richmond upon Thames, state schools report this figure to be about 30%. In Haringey, a deprived part of north London, it is almost double.    (4)Marmot, a public health specialist and author of Fair Society, Healthy Lives, said: “The evidence is very clear: investing in pre-school years pays most dividends. We already know that by the age of 10 a child from a poorer background will have lost any advantage of intelligence indicated at 22 months, w
hereas a child from an affluent family will have improved his or her cognitive scores purely because of his/her advantaged background.”    (5)He pointed out that “education and child development are key for health. It is the educated who we know the key driver of teenage pregnancy is not getting early child development. You are not going to get pregnant as a teenager if you develop as a child.”    (6)Only two dozen authorities of the 150 surveyed could claim to have more than half their five-year-olds passing the educational standard set by the government. Marmot said he was concerned that the government was just focusing on the “poorest” in society—the middle class of society needed help too. “I have tried to have this conversation with government without much success,” he said, adding that “cuts to Sure Start and children’s centres won’t help”.    (7)There was also an alarming health gap opening up within areas. Marmot pointed out that in Westminster the average life expectancy of male residents was 83, five years longer than the English norm, but this masked wide differences. The poorest in the London borough could expect to live 17 years less than the richest.    (8)Not only is life expectancy linked to social standing, so is the time spent in good health. The review reveals that Wirral,
in north-west England, has the biggest difference in “disability-free life expectancy” between those at the top and those at the bottom of the economic ladder, with wealthy people likely to live 20 years longer without physical impairment.    (9)The data is meant to inform ministers as the government has proposed taking public health out of the National Health Service and put under the control of local authorities.    (10)Marmot pointed out that the city council in Birmingham, a conurbation with large areas of poverty, had successfully raised the number of five-year-old attaining a good level of behaviour and understanding from 38% to 55% in five years.    (11)However Jim McManus, Birmingham’s joint director of public health, said that the “single most effective measure to deal with inequalities had been about ￡50m spent to improve social housing in We know it’s a new financial environment and that’s quite a challenge”.    (12)Others warned the government’s plan would turn the clock back. Martin McKee, professor of European public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: “It’s important to learn the lessons of history. Public health was taken out of local authority control in 1974 and it was the best thing that ever happened to it.”    (13)”Why put it back? The new plans provide no clue was
to whether there will be enough public health funds available and will see councillors who were elected on a platform of schools and the environment suddenly responsible for health.”

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