备战中考英语之阅读理解题型及解题技巧
根据近几年《中考说明》、《历年中考真题》,中考英语满分120分,主要分为单项选择,完型填空,阅读理解和书面表达四个部分。其中,阅读理解题是中考试卷中分值最大的一类题,在近几年的中考英语中,共有5篇文章,占总分的三分之一(45分),并且分值仍有不断提高的趋势。
阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面,主要考察考生阅读能力、主观判断力和逻辑思维能力。试题中所选的阅读文章题材广泛,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。因此,考生能否得高分,本题是一个关键。中考冲刺阶段,我根据多年指导毕业班的经验,从如何进一步提高阅读理解能力方面提出复习迎考策略。以下是我的一些粗浅之见:
一、常见题型及解题技巧
根据历年来全省各地中考阅读理解题型的分析,将阅读理解题大致归纳为以下四类:
(一)细节理解题
spring怎么读英文怎么读一般针对某个特定的细节而提供,难度较小,属表层信息理解,考生通读短文后可直接出答案依据。
解题技巧:
通读短文,领会文章大意,理解文章结构层次及细节,特别注意:
1. 五个W (who , which , when , where , what )和一个H ( how ) ;
2. 数字、日期、时间等;
3. 注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项,剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。
(二)词句理解题
此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义,常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。
解题技巧:
1. 正确理解题意,从短文中到相关的词、短语或句子,根据特定的语境来判断理解,推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧:(1)注意定义和解释;(2)同义词或近义词的提示;(3)近义词和反义词的提示;(4)利用悬念的属种关系;(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。
(三)推理判断题
通过字里行间的阅读,作合理的推断。
解题技巧:1. 分析文章的主旨。2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3. 寻文章的逻辑思路。4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。
(四)归纳概括题
此题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次(主题句或主题段),要求学生在理
解全文后归纳短文要点,概括中心思路。
解题技巧:
通读全文,了解大意,灵活运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法,准确理解文章的话题和中心思想。有时还要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析,甚至推测作者的语气和态度等。
一般说来,文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句,且多位于段首或段末,有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章,考生应对文章进行分析和归纳,然后概括中心思想。
二、阅读步骤
1. 先看问题,再读文章。带着问题阅读短文,确定主攻方向,特别要注意首尾段和首尾句,把握文章的主题,摘取有用的材料。
2.细读全文,认真分析与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落,特别留心一些关键信息词。
3. 复读全文,验证答案。在选出全部答案后,应将答案带入问题中重读全文,看前后意思是
否连贯,有无矛盾,若前后不一致或意思矛盾,则要考虑重选答案。
三、怎样才能提高初中学生的英语阅读理解能力,轻松应对中考呢?
1.大量阅读是提高阅读理解能力的必由之路
大量阅读可以使学过的语言知识得到复习和巩固,使语言能力得到发展和提高。在阅读量小,接触英文材料很少的情况下,所学语言知识就理解不深,掌握不好,且边学边忘,学习效率很低。
2.扩大词汇量是提高阅读理解能力的突破口
一个人掌握的词汇量多少与其语言水平的高低有密切关系。D.A Wilkins说过,“事实上,没有语法不能传达很多东西,而没有词汇就不能传达任何东西。”在阅读过程中,如遇到生词,要尽量利用构词法知识和上下文关系,猜测新词的词义。
3.巩固并加深语法知识
初中学生要熟练掌握《大纲》、《课标》中的语法结构表,熟练掌握并运用语法知识。这样
不仅有利于提高我们的听、说、写能力,而且有利于提高我们的阅读理解能力。
4.拓宽知识面,增加背景知识
中考英语阅读理解部分所选的文章,题材广泛,内容丰富,涉及的背景知识包括人物传记、社会、经济、文化、日常知识、科普知识等。平时要多读这类文章,不断拓宽知识面,丰富背景知识,考试时遇到类似的文章,就会感到比较容易,有利于成绩的提高。
总之,阅读理解能力在英语学习过程中起着举足轻重的作用。但冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。学生阅读理解能力的提高,既需要老师科学有效的指导,更要发挥学生的主体作用,掌握阅读的方法与技巧,这样才能提高阅读理解能力,轻松应对中考。
阅读理解训练
一、 人物故事
一、(2018·江苏南京)
There was a kingdom long,long ago. It was ruled by a king who loved riddles. Once a yea
r the king made a new riddle. He gave a prize to the person who could solve the riddle.
There was a baker who also lived in this kingdom. Everyone agreed that he baked the finest breads. The baker had almost everything he needed except for a horse. If the baker had a horse,he could sell his fine breads from one end of the kingdom to the other.
One year the king made a new riddle that puzzled everyone. “I will give a prize to the person who can solve my riddle,” the king said. “Whoever wins will have the pick of one of my strongest horses.” He then drew a line down the middle of the courtyard. “Make this line shorter without erasing(清除) any part of it,” the king challenged.
People came from far and wide. They looked at the line and squinted at it. They even put their noses to the ground and scratched their heads.
“How can you make a line shorter without erasing any part of it?” the people in the crowd asked each other. Some of them tried. The dressmaker kicked dirt(泥土) over the line to hide it. The farmer poured water over the line to make it disappear. None of these efforts w
orked,and the people went home disappointed. Everyone was puzzled about how to solve this new riddle.
A week passed,and nobody had any new ideas. Then one day the baker came into the courtyard with a bag of flour(面粉).
“Your Majesty,” the baker said to the king,“I can make your line shorter without erasing any part of it.” Then the baker opened his bag of flour. He poured out a line of flour right next to the king's line. The line the baker made was longer than the king's line.
“Now,good king,” the baker smiled,“your line is shorter.”
The people were amazed. The king laughed and clapped his hands.“You have won the prize. I will give you a horse of your choice.”
The baker was excited. Now he could sell his breads from one end of the kingdom to the other.
1. What was the baker's problem at the beginning of the story?
A. He couldn't make fine breads.
B. He needed money to open more stores.
C. He didn't have enough flour to make more breads.
D. He had difficulty selling breads all over the kingdom.
2. The dressmaker and the farmer failed because they both ________.
A. tried to erase the line
B. poured water over the line
C. kicked dirt over the line
D. put their noses to the ground
3. The baker smiled because ________.
A. he was glad to see the king
B. he wanted to make the king happy

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