Suspension spring
悬架弹簧
Intriduction
介绍
In this chapter we will discuss ways to calculate(approximately)certain properties of
在这一章中我们将讨论如何计算（约）的某些特性
suspension system springs．We will concentrate on spring rate and maximum stress but
弹簧悬挂系统。我们将集中在春季率和最大应力而
also touch OU problems associated with usage，i．e．，fatigue。The types of springs covered
也抚摸你相关的问题与使用，即，fatigue.the类型的弹簧盖
will include torsion springs，coil springs，and leafsprings．
将包括扭力弹簧，螺旋弹簧，和leafsprings。
The material covered is insufficient for detailed design engineering calculations--for that
材料覆盖是不够详细的工程计算，设计——
the reader will have to go to the literature，especially the referenced SAE design hand-
读者将要去的文学，尤其是汽车设计方面的参考—
books and spring manufacturers’handbooks．
书籍和弹簧manufacturers'handbooks。
21．1 Torsion Springs
21.1个扭转弹簧
In a torsion spring the elastic properties ofa long thin“bar'’in torsion(twist)is used to
在扭簧的弹性性能的细长的酒吧去扭转（扭曲）是用来
produce a rectilinear spring rate that is comparable to that era coil spring，The spring
产生直线弹簧率相比，时代的螺旋弹簧，弹簧spring怎么读怎么翻译
load or forceis usually converted to torque around the centerline of the bar by means
负载或forceis通常转化为扭矩围绕中心线的酒吧的手段
of a lever arm at one or both (anti-roll bar)ends．Figure 21．1 gives the basic geometry of
杠杆臂的一个或两个（防侧倾杆）ends.figure21.1给出了基本几何
a torsion spring．
扭转弹簧。
In practice the load is not always perpendicular to R throughout the entire twist angle ex-
实际负载不总是垂直于在整个扭角前—
cursion．Thus，in precise engineering design calculations，twist angle correction factors
cursion。因此，在精密工程设计计算，扭角校正因子
are iutrodueed(see Ref.7,for example)．
是iutrodueed（见ref.7，例如）。
The torsion bar itself may have any number of different cross sections，ranging from the
扭杆本身可能有任何数量的不同截面，从
most widely used circular bar to an oval bar or a rectaugular bar．In these notes we will
最广泛使用的圆棒椭圆形或矩形酒吧。我们将在这些笔记
focus ou the circular bar and the square bar。The configuration of the lever arm,R,is not
重点区圆棒和棒。配置的杠杆臂，，不是
important insofar as stress，spring rate，etc．，are concerned；its only function is to convert
重要的应力，弹簧率，等等，是有关；其唯一职能是转换
W into a torque(WR)around the centerline ofthe bar．Ifthe wheel load is applied di-
到扭矩（西铁）围绕中心的酒吧。如果车轮负载应用迪—
rectly at poin “a”the spring rate is also the wheel rate．
最近在点”“春季率也是轮率。
Maximum Stress
最大应力
When an external torque is applied to a torsion bar the resisting moment developed can
当一个外部扭矩应用到扭杆抗时刻了
be expressed as a function ofthe bar's cross-sectional geometry and the maximum shear
表示为一个函数的杆的横截面几何形状和最大剪应变
stress，f.developed in the bar．If we call the resisting moment M，we can find expres-
应力，f.developed在酒吧。我们呼吁抵制的时刻，我们可以到表达—
sions for different bar cross sections in any good engineering handbook(for example，
结论不同的酒吧截面在任何良好的工程手册（例如，
Ref．19)．The resisting moment for a circular and a square bar are：
ref.19）。抗时刻为圆形和方形杆：
Circular bar：M=πd3f/16， lb．-in (21．1)
圆棒：米=π伴奏/ 16磅，在（21.1）
Squarebar：M=d3f/4.8，lb． -in． (21．2)
squarebar：男=伴奏/ 4.8磅，在（21.2）。
Since resisting moment, M, is equal to the applied moment, RW (ignoring friction
自抗时刻，米，等于适用时刻，刻录（忽略摩擦力
torque), we can express maximum shear stress as:
扭矩），我们可以表达为最大剪应力：
Circular bar: f= I6WR/d3, psi (in. and lb. units) (21,3)
圆棒：=i6wr/ D，防扩散安全倡议（在。和磅单位）（21,3）
Square bar: f=4.8WR/d3, psi (21.4)
广场酒吧：=4.8wr/d3，防扩散安全倡议（21.4）
In Eqs. (21.3) and (21.4) we can see that the maximum stress is directly proportional to
在均衡器。（21.3）和（21.4）我们可以看到，最大应力成正比
the applied torque, WR, and inversely proportional to the fundamental dimension, d; it is
扭矩的应用，水利，和成反比的基本层面，开发；它是
not a function of bar length, L (which enters into the determination of twist angle and
不是一个功能的长度，我（进入确定扭角和
spring rate).
春季率）。
To make a direct comparison between the circular and the square bar we can focus on the
使直接比较的圆形和方形栏，我们可以专注于
maximum stress per unit applied torque.
最大应力单元应用扭矩。
Using the above equations we have
使用上面的方程，我们有
f/WR=k
男/西铁=钾
Circularbar：k=1 6/πd3，psi/lb．-in_ (21．5)
circularbar：钾=16 /πD，防扩散安全倡议/磅in_（21.5）
Square bar：k- 4．8/d3．Psi/lb．-in．
广场酒吧：钾- 4.8/ D/磅在防扩散安全倡议。
Figure 21.2 is aplot of k vs．bar area，with equal d’s keyed in．The plots show that for
图21.2是aplot钾vs.bar区，具有同等的紧张情节表明，。
equal cross-sectional area(and therefore equal weight for the sarfle length，L)，the cir-
平等横截面积（因此同等重量的sarfle长度，长），该局长—
eular section has a lower k．The difference is most pronounced at low equal area but di—
欧拉的部分有一个较低的区别是最明显的低面积相等，但迪—
minishesasequal areaincreases．For example，at1.55 in 2 equal area the circuar bar has

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