应用文
高考英语阅读理解应用文的文体特、命题特点、素材和解答方法。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的文体特：
英语应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章；其文章呈现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特点：
1.应用文类型文章，语言简练，一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现，例如很多文章没有标题，许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2.就其用词来看，文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且均没有汉语注释。
3.应用文的行文方式：每种文体都有其固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文是排列式—--即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
4.高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。例如：Where can you most probably find this article/passage? What is the purpose of this passage？
高中英语新课程标准也提出了“着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力”的要求。根据该要求及高考英语的发展趋势可以看出，高考英语试卷阅读理解部分越来越凸现阅读能力必须涉及“解决现实生活问题”这个十分重要的因素，强调实用性，与时俱进。据此推出了多种应用文体的语篇；相关试题设问方式也更趋活泼、灵活多样、贴近生活。
高考英语应用文素材：全部选自真实生活、充满时代气息并具有鲜明的语言特。它们种类繁多、涵盖面广，包括广告、书信、海报、指南、产品介绍、启示、须知、招生招聘、书评、图示及其说明等。这些实用型文章提高了高考英语测试的真实性，重点考查考生获取、分辨、整合、加工和表述信息的能力，这也充分地体现了英语课程标准“学以致用”的思想。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的解答方法：
高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问出处和写作意图的题目。
在解答事实细节题时，我们首先就要在试题中寻关键的线索词，如名词、动词、形容词或副词等实义词，带着问题和它们去阅读短文，要标明其出处，为迅速、准确地选择正确的答案作好充分准备。其次要忠实于原文。该类题源于短文，所以在解题时要紧扣原文，在短文中到相应出处，要以此为依据，而不是想当然地仅凭自己已有的知识进行答题。此外，还应注意句子间的逻辑关系（如因果、方位、次序、时间先后、转折/相对和递进关系）和认真识别指代词语（如代词和替代词：one, the one, those, that, it, they等）。
在解答询问出处和写作意图的题目时，就要能够理解文章的主旨大意（中心思想）：因为一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开的，所以只有通过阅读掌握该短文的主旨大意，才能正确理解短文，进而根据短文的事实、细节推断作者的观点和写作意图。要掌握短文主旨，可以通过寻短文的主题句，而主题句通常在段首（最常见）、段中、段尾、段首和段尾或隐含在段落中。解答主旨大意的试题时常采用快速浏览法，只要先浏览文章的标题，首、尾段或每
段的首、尾句，再重点寻主题线索和主题信息即可。当然还要善于抓住文章的中心思想，把握住作者的观点和写作意图。
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TEENSGIVING is an exciting event where hundreds of New York City teens gather together annually for a remarkable day of community service. This year, TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 participants will once again better New York City and impact thousands of lives!
When is TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010?
SUNDAY, APRIL 25, 2010
Where is TEENSGIVING?
All over New York City. Everyone will meet at the 92nd Street Y (92nd and Lexington) at 9:00 AM for the event kick-off. Then, all TEENSGIVING volunteers will disperse across the
city to work with our partnering agencies where they will make a HUGE difference (and have fun!).
Who participates in TEENSGIVING?
Hundreds of teenagers from around the city. Teens come from the 92nd Street Y, various city schools, youth groups, and organizations in the area. In addition, many adult volunteers (ages 21 and older) will donate their time to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010.
What projects do participants do at the agencies?
Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with underprivileged children, assembling craft kits for children in hospitals, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters.
Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIVING?
Yes! Everybody benefits! Teen volunteers will receive *6 hours* of community service credit, good towards honor society, high school graduation and college application requirements. Adult volunteers will be “thanked” with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our city’s youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 T-shirt.
This sounds awesome! How do I register for TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010?
Interested teens and/or adults should e-mail the TEENSGIVING Coordinator Josh Hyman at ************** (subject: TEENSGIVING) to receive more information and to register for this fantastic event!
**Teens can also contact their school’s Community Service Advisor**
怎么读英语springTEENSGIVING is sponsored by the 92nd Street Y.
1. TEENSGIVING is an event which is held ____________.
A. from time to time B. once every year
C. every two years D. twice a year
2. Teenagers may do all the following in the event EXCEPT _________.
A. watering flowers B. cooking
C. cleaning streets D. taking care of animals
3. An adult volunteer may get ______ for his time devoted to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010.
A. community service credit and a T-shirt
B. a high school certificate and a light breakfast
C. a T-shirt and a gift certificate
D. a gift certificate and community service credit
4. The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to __________.
A. inform readers of some frequently asked questions
B. introduce TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2010 to readers
C. encourage readers to ask more questions about TEENSGIVING
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