Unit 6 Fun Cycling
. 教学内容:
Topic 1 We’re going on a spring field trip. Section C and D
 
. 重点、难点:
单词:queen  皇后,女王    draw  抽奖  抓阄,抽(签,牌)headmaster  中小学校长  cell phone= mobile phone    移动电话,手机    land  降落,登岸(陆),陆地  safely  安全地        forward  向前,前进          scene      景象,景  daytime 白天,白昼,日间
词组: come up with    想出(主意),到答案 
look forward to doing sth.  期望做某事    in the daytime  在白天
句型:
1. Some schools come up with great ideas such as “King or Queen for a Day”.
2. After a day of selling tickets, one ticket is drawn and that student will be the king or queen for the next school day.
3. The student sits in the headmaster’s chair for the day and even gets to call home using the headmaster’s cell phone.
4. I am looking forward to hearing from you.
5. We had a wonderful time on Mount Tai last week.
6. We saw the sunrise and the sea of clouds on Mount Tai and visited Dai Temple in the daytime.
7. It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.
语法:结果状语从句,动词不定式
 
. 具体内容:
(一)构成和用法
其形式是“to+动词原形”。to是不定式符号,无词义。其否定式是在to前面加上not, never等否定词。 不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,由for引出,加在不定式短语前面。
    所谓逻辑主语,就是指非谓语动词等动作的执行者。由于非谓语动词等带有动词的特征,但又不是谓语动词,所以这个动作的执行者就不能称为主语,而在逻辑上又是这个动作的执行者,所以就称为逻辑主语。
如果不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,这个不定式一般要用被动语态。疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how还包括whether)等后面加不定式构成不定式短语,可做主语,表语,宾语等。
1. 作主语。 在不定式短语作主语的句子中,往往用it作形式主语,而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如:
To die like that is a terrible thing. =It is a terrible thing to die like that. 像那样死去是一件可怕的事。(it作形式主语,把真正的主语to die like that放在后面).
To know oneself is difficult. =It’s difficult t know oneself. 有自知之明不容易。
To tell a lie is not always easy. =It’s not always easy to tell a lie. 撒谎并非总是容易的。
Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永远不得罪任何人就是我的原则。
It’s against nature to remain single.保持单身是违反自然的。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. =It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that. 一条狗像那样死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主语)
For one to know everything is impossible. =It’s impossible for one to know everything.
一个人什么都知道是不可能的。
For his brother John to go to sea seems natural. =It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去当水手是很自然的事。
It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了,那可太不应该了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我们不接受邀请不合适。(否定)
It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何时何地讨论她的辞职还没定。
但是,下列形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语由of引出:careless粗心的,clever聪明的,cruel残忍的,foolish愚蠢的,good好的,kind好心的 naughty淘气的,nice好的,polite礼貌的,right正确的,rude无礼的 silly愚蠢的,stupid傻的,unwise不明智的,wise明智的,wrong错误的,等等。为什么这些词要用of引出不定式呢?因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 of sb.+ to do sth.”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何,可以改写为:“sb. + be + 形容词 + to do sth.” “for sb. to do sth.”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何。例如:It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unw
ise to go to the United States at this time. 强调你不明智。而 “It is difficult for you to learn English.”更强调学英语很难,不能写成You are difficult to learn English. (这句话含有逻辑错误。)
It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你来为我们送行太好了。
It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much. =He is unwise to drink and smoke so much.
他喝这么多酒抽这么多烟是不明智的。
It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John杀害动物真是残忍之极。
It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her. Jack对她说这个,很无礼/不礼貌。
 
2. 作宾语及宾语补语。
1 有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有:afford负担得起,agree同意,arrange安排,ask要求,attempt试图,beg乞求,begin开始,choose选择,claim声称,consent同意,dare敢,decide决定,decline谢绝,desire欲想,demand要求,determine决心,expect期待,fail失败,forget忘记,hate讨厌,help帮助,hope希望,intend打算,learn学习,like喜欢,long渴望,manage设法,mean打算,need需要,offer主动提出,plan计划,prefer更喜欢,prepare准备,pretend假装,promise答应,refuse拒绝,remember记得,seek寻求,seem好像,tend倾向,threaten威胁,undertake承担,volunteer志愿,want想要,wish希望等。例如:
I agreed to support him. 我答应支持他。
He said he wanted to be a professor. 他说他想当教授。
My daughter preferred to have eggs and milk for breakfast when she was in her twenties. 我女儿二十几岁时早饭喜欢吃鸡蛋和牛奶。
2 不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连
用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有:ask询问,advise建议,consider考虑,decide决定,discover发现,discuss讨论,explain解释,find out查明,forget忘记,inquire打听,know知道,learn学会,汽车spring是什么意思remember记得,show演示,tell告诉,teach教,think想,understand懂得,wonder想知道,等等。例如:
I don’t know where to get so much money. 我不知道去哪里搞这么多钱。
They haven’t decided whether to leave or stay. 他们还没决定是走还是留。
此外,这种不定式结构还可作主语,表语和介词宾语等,如:
How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer. 怎样过幸福生活是个很难回答的问题。
The question is whom to choose for the position.问题是这个位置选谁。
That was a discussion about how to increase their strength.那是一次关于怎样增强他们力量的讨论。
He said nothing about what to do with her.关于拿她怎么办,他啥也没说。
She asked my suggestion just now about where to go for her holidays.关于去哪里度假,她刚才征求了我的意见。

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。