Chapter 5 英汉词法翻译技巧
第二节省略法（omission）
省略译法——是指出于译文语法和习惯表达法的需要，把原文中需要而译文中又不需要的单词、词组等在翻译过程中加以省略的翻译方法。原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，是因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者是那些如在译文中保留下来则会使语言表达累赘啰嗦或不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语，而不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。省略法一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行省略；二是从修辞角度进行省略。
一、从语法角度
英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，如：英语有冠词，汉语没有；英语重形合、连接词较多，汉语重意合、连接词较少；英语介词丰富，多达280多个，汉语介词较少，只有30来个；英语中经常使用代词，尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等，汉语中代词则用得较少。因此，英译汉时可在不损害准确传达原文内容的前提下根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词等省略，使译文练达晓畅。
省略冠词
1)  A teacher should have patience in his work. （表类别）
2)The horse is a useful animal.
spring street是什么意思
3)The moon was slowly rising above the sea. （独一无二）
4)He left without saying a word.
5)Robert said he was getting a dollar a mile. 每开一英里就赚一块钱
6)The children are of an age.
省略连接词
7)He looked gloomy and troubled. （并列）忧愁不安
8)Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, however, morale remained intact, and
people still smile in the street. 尽管供应不足，伤亡增加，然而士气并未受到影响。街上，人们照常脸有笑容
9)He considered it (National Security Council) too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people
who
talked too much. 国家安全委员会机构太庞大，人多嘴杂，容易泄密
10)We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. （从属，因果）知更鸟
11)He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text. 他没看到总统的发
言稿，不愿加以发挥
12)If winter comes, can spring be far behind? （从属，条件）
13)If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此，我就不参加了
14)John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. （从属，时间）火
车停了，john忧郁地站了起来，他想起了病中的母亲
15)When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. 最后
他站到了悬崖上，转过身来，忧郁地看着他的妹妹
省略介词
16)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. （时间）
17)Smoking is prohibited in public places. （地点）
18)Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 该国各地目前怨声四起
19)He stood by the desk. She hid behind the door. （动词后面一般不省）
汉语文言文中表地点的介词在动词后面时，一般也不省，如：“鱼跃于渊”（fish jump in the deep pond）。但诗词中则由于字数限制，又常常省略，“鱼翔浅底”（fish glide in the limpid deep）；两个黄鹂鸣翠柳（were twittering among the green willows）
省略代词
20)But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been ale to change it. （主语人称代词）但我就这脾气，
虽几经努力，却始终未能改变
21)Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put it and
she could not possibly throw it away. 这时Laura宁愿手中没有这块涂了黄油的面包，拿着既没地方放，又不可能扔掉。
22)We have more water than earth on this globe. （泛指人称代词）在地球上，水比陆地占的面积大
23)Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.
24)One can never get real rest without a peaceful mind. 如果心情不平静，是休息不好的
25)I drank some ice tea, but it made me more thirsty. （宾语人称代词）
26)She laid her hand lightly on his arm as it to thank him for it.
27)He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. （物主代词）
28)She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street. 她顺着黑暗的街
道
走去，显出利落匀称/匀称干练的身材，迈着端庄的女人的步子
二、从修辞角度
有些词语在英语里是必不可少的，但在汉语中却并非如此，翻译时如保留下来往往使译文显得累赘啰嗦。要使译文表达简洁晓畅，这样的词语必须省略或是精简。
1)The hardest part of any big project is to begin. 任何一个大的项目最艰难的是起步
2)There are plenty of opportunities to attend community events and volunteer your services. 参与社区活动
以及提供志愿服务的机会多得很
3)Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a beautiful vies. 教堂建在高山上，向下眺望，
风景优美
4)Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one
bite. 毒液对于毒蛇来说，只不过是如虎添翼；蛇有了毒液就能毫不费力地只需一口就能捕获到猎物
5)To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder. 学习不容易，应用更不容易。
6)Walking for walking’s sake may be as highly laudable and exemplary a thing as is held to be by those who
practice it. 经常散步的人认为，为散步而散步是指的高度赞扬和仿效的。
Homework:
1.I framed the words in my mind: “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?”
2.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and
generals and soldiers…
3.When they awoke, though the sky was still gray and the clouds hung low, it was not raining.
4.There is no substance but expands when heated.
5.Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute ----- I was all of these.
6.One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face that I
immediately diagnosed appendicitis.
7.In a time of calm he would never as a speaker have succeeded in gaining a prominent position; but that was
not a time of calm.
8.There were flashes of lightning up ahead----- with the radar showing a band of rain stretching out either side
of our course.
9.It has been four days since Emily Sasser’s luggage showed up in Crescent City, but there is still no s
ign of the
petite 17-year-old.
10.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the
color of the skin but by the content of their character.
Chapter 5 英汉词法翻译技巧
第二节省略法（omission）
一、从语法角度
省略冠词
1.  A teacher should have patience in his work.
2.The horse is a useful animal.
3.The moon was slowly rising above the sea.
4.He left without saying a word.
5.Robert said he was getting a dollar a mile.
6.The children are of an age.
省略连接词
7.He looked gloomy and troubled.
8.Despite the privation, and the mounting toll of dead and wounded, however, morale remained intact, and
people still smile in the street.
9.He considered it (National Security Council) too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people
who talked too much.
10.We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.
11.He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text.
12.If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
13.If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.
14.John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. （
15.When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully.
省略介词
16.The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
17.Smoking is prohibited in public places.
18.Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country.
19.He stood by the desk. She hid behind the door.
省略代词
20.But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been ale to change it.
21.Laura wished now that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhere to put
it and she could not possibly throw it away.
22.We have more water than earth on this globe.
23.Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.
24.One can never get real rest without a peaceful mind.
25.I drank some ice tea, but it made me more thirsty.
26.She laid her hand lightly on his arm as it to thank him for it.
27.He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
28.She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street.
二、从修辞角度
1. The hardest part of any big project is to begin.
2. There are plenty of opportunities to attend community events and volunteer your services.
3. Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a beautiful vies.
4. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than
one bite.
5. To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.
6. Walking for walking’s sake may be as highly laudable and exemplary a thing as is held to be by those who
practice it.
Homework:
翻译下列句子，注意运用省略法
1.I framed the words in my mind: “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?”.
2.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and
generals and soldiers…
3.When they awoke, though the sky was still gray and the clouds hung low, it was not raining.
4.There is no substance but expands when heated.
5.Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute ----- I was all of these.
6.One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress on his face that I
immediately diagnosed appendicitis.
7.In a time of calm he would never as a speaker have succeeded in gaining a prominent position; but that was
not a time of calm.
8.There were flashes of lightning up ahead----- with the radar showing a band of rain stretching out eith
er side
of our course.
9.It has been four days since Emily Sasser’s luggage showed up in Crescent City, but there is still no sign of the
petite 17-year-old.
10.I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the
color of the skin but by the content of their character.

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