基本句型
英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后
面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不
同，句中的次序也会有变化。比如，“我每天骑自行车上学”，可以表达为I
go to school by bike every day. 也可以表达为
I ride to school every day. 如果用图表分析一下，我们会看得更清楚：
这三个语句除了行为者"I"的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。
句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀
句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句
主语The Subject 表示句子说的是“什么人”
或“什么事”。通常在句子
前部。
名词、代词、数词、
不定式、动名词、
短语或句子。
We study in No. 17 middle school.
Jim is an American boy.
Two heads are better than one.
谓语
The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”“是什
么”或“怎么样”。通常在
主语后（除疑问、倒装句
外）。
由动词或动词词
组充当。
Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切）
Lucy is dancing under the tree.
Her parents are both workers.
宾语The Object 表示动作、行为的对象。
在及物动词或介词后。
同主语的充当词
类
Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌）
These girls like English.
Did you see him yesterday?
表语
The Predicate 与系动词连用，一起构成
谓语部分、说明主语的性
质、特征。常在系动词之
后。
同主语的充当词
类
His father is a bus driver.
My car is white.
We were at school yesterday.
Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。）我每天骑自行车上学。
I go to school by bike every day.
I ride to school every day.
句子成分学记口诀
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8. Tom came to ask me for advice （建议）.
定语The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。单
个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。
形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。
The red  one is mine. What is his  name?
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
(患难见真情。）状语The Attribute 修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。
通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
Our teacher works very hard.She often  helps Mike.
They had a meeting in Shanghai.宾语补足语The Object Compleme
wispring是什么意思
nt 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。
由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。
We named the baby Lily. She made the room clean.
同位语The Appostive
重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。
名词、名词性短语、从句等。They all  work hard.
John, a friend of hers, has gone.
9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say? 11. Would you please tell me your address? 12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 14. He noticed （注意到）
a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.
简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型一：S 十V 主谓结构
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die,
disappear, fall, happen, rise,
eg: 这只小狗已经死了。
_____________________________________
句型种类
主语谓语部分
谓语动词表语
宾语
宾补
1.S + Vi.
主语+不及物动词Birds fly.2.S + Vi. + O
主语+及物动词+宾语He plays the piano.
3.S + V. + P 主语+系动词+表语
We
are (系动词）friends.
4.S + Vt. + InO + Do
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
I
gave
him    a pen （间宾）（直宾）
5.S + Vi. + O + Oc
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
Tom
made
me
cry.
1.主语+ 不及物动词（+ 状语）
状语主语不及物动词状语（In 2003,) The first book came out in 2003
We didn't go to the cinema yesterday.
Last week,I went to Guilin for my holiday.
2. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语（+ 状语）
状语主语及物动词宾语状语（Yesterday) I bought    a very good book yesterday.
My father loves pictures of cars.
Every morning my mother prepares breakfast for me
He wrote    a book in senior high school.
基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构
常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)
A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound,
keep, remain, 等等。
1. We should __________ __________ any time.
B.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
2. 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。
_________________________________________________.
B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove，等等。如：
3. Spring comes. It is ______________________________.
春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
4. Don't have the food. _______________________________.
不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。
3.主语+ 系动词+ 表语（+ 状语）
主语系动词表语状语These books are great.
Tom is very happy today.
基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构
我昨天看了一部电影。
________________________________________________.
They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：buy, choose, make, order, paint,
play(演奏)，sing，等。
Yesterday her father ____________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday  present.
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
这种句型还可转换为：动词＋直接宾语＋for/ to sb.
Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.
请把你的画给我看一下。
I _______ _______the salt. = I _______the salt _____ _____.
我把盐递给他。
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（+ 状语）

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