语法专题之非谓语动词
不定式、动名词和分词。
一、动词不定式的常考考点：
1． 不定式的结构：    肯定to do
                    否定not to do
                    特殊疑问词+to do (what sb can do sth)
Cathy doesn’t know where to go tomorrow=Cathy doesn’t know where she can go tomorrow.
2.不定式的用法：
（1）做主语
To learn English is not easy for Chinese students .=It’s not easy for Chinese students to lea
rn English.
  (2) 做表语
  The teacher’s job is to teach the students.
（3）做宾语.常见的动词有：ask, decide, know, want, try, need等
  We like to fight for our future.
  (4)做宾补。常见的有：ask /tell/order sb. to do sth
                      ask /tell/order sb. not to do sth
  The teacher asks us not to speak in class .
注意：make /let /have +sb+do.(必须省to )
    The boy often makes his little sister laugh.
  (5)做定语。常见的有：have sth to do 有-----要做
                      a good place /time to do sth 做----的好地方/时间
                      the first/second /third to do sth 第一个/二个做----的---
I have nothing to say.
注意：不定式做定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以如果不定式是不及物动词，则要加上相对应的介词。
I want a pen to write with.
(6)做状语，表示目的状语。My father will go to Beijing to do some business.
          表示原因状语。主语+ be +adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth。
Tom Tang is easy for us to stay with.
注意：不定式做原因状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以如果不定式是不及物动词，则要加上相对应的介词。
The ball is easy for children to play with.
3.动词不定式省to 的情况：
（1）Why not +do …?=Why don’t you …?为什么不------？
(2)had better +(not) +do +…?最好做（不做）某事
(3)would rather +do +…?宁愿做…
(4) Could /Can/Would /Will/ you please +(not)+ do sth…? 请做（不要）做…好吗？
(5) 使役动词和感官动词省to的：
    一感：feel
    二听：hear ,listen to
    三使：make ,let ,have
    四看：see ,watch , notice ,look
注意：主动语态中要省to，而被动语态中则要加to .
    Tina often makes her sister do housework, but sometimes she was made to do it by her sister.
  4．常用不定式的句型：
  （1）too +adj./adv. +(for sb.)+ to do ：太…而不能…
    (2) adj./adv.+ enough +(for sb.)+ to do：充足…能够做…
    (3)It +is/was +adj. +for sb. +to do sth ：对…来说做…很…
    (4)It’s one’s turn to do sth ：该轮到某人做某事了
    (5)It’s time to do sth：该做…的时间了
    (6)It takes sb. some time to do sth.：花了某人多少时间做某事
二．V-ing/not +V-ing.------动名词
1.用法：
（1）做主语
  Walking is a good way to exercise for the old .
(2) 做表语。
cheongsam My favorite sports is playing soccer ball.
(3)做宾语。做动词的宾语，常见的动词有：
完成实践值得忙：finish  practice  be worth  be busy
继续习惯别放弃：keep on    be/get used to    give up
考虑建议不禁想：consider  suggest      can’t help doing    feel like
喜欢思念要介意：enjoy  miss    mind  consider
另外：spend ……doing … ：花时间做某事 
    have fun doing  ：做…很开心 
have some problems /trouble/difficulties doing ：做…有问题/麻烦/困难
    have a hard time doing ：做…很艰难
介词+V-ing
(4)做定语：表示用途，所属等。
He is in the living room.
We need to get a driving license.
三．分词
1．分类：现在分词和 过去分词。
2.用法：
  （1）做定语：现在分词做定语表示主动；过去分词做定语表示被动。单个的分词放在被修饰的名词前；短语分词放在被修饰的词的后面。
    Do you know the boy standing by the door?
    Do you know the man called Bill Gates?
(2)做状语：如果与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主动关系用现在分词；如果与句子的主语构成被动关系，要用过去分词。
  The students went into the classroom, talking and laughing .
  Seen from the top of the hill ,the city is very beautiful.
I was excited about the exciting football match.
(3)做宾语补足语：现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间构成主动关系；过去分词做宾语补足语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间构成被动关系。
  keep sb. dong ：让某人做某事
find sb. doing ：发现某人正在做某事
see/watch/notice /hear /feel sb. do ：看见/观察/注意到/听到/觉得某人经常做/或已经做过了--
see/watch/notice /hear /feel sb. doing：看见/观察/注意到/听到/觉得某人正在做--------
make/have sb. +do=get sb. to do ：make him do this or that
make /have sb. +done =get sb./sth done ：make himself heard
如：I often hear him sing a song in his room .Now you can hear him singing .
特殊用法：
1． like /love /hate /begin/start to do/doing sth 用to do和 doing 没有区别
2． stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
3． remember /forget to do  记得/忘记将要做-----
remember /forget doing记得/忘记过去做过-----
4． try to do 尽力做------
try doing 试着做----
5． mean to do 打算做-----
mean doing 意味着----
6.allow/permit /advise/ forbid doing sth ：允许/建议/禁止做----
allow/permit /advise / forbid sb to do sth ： 允许/建议/禁止某人做----
四．含非谓语动词的习惯句型：
1. feel like doing sth. 想要做…wound like; want to do sth.
2. prevent/stop/keep sb. (from) doing sth.
3. go doing 结构(目的)：例如，go fishing; go swimming; go shopping……
4. be busy doing sth. 忙于做…
5. keep (on) doing sth. 连续/ 老是做…
6. be worth doing sth. 。。。值得一做…
7. spend…(时间) …doing sth./  take (时间)…to do sth.
8. get used to doing sth./ be used to doing sth. 习惯于…
pay attention to doing sth. 注意…重视…
look forward to doing sth.
  9. prefer….. to…..与…相比 更喜欢/ 爱…

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