宾语从句讲解
宾语从句概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
句子结构：主句 + 连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
连词：that
1.当宾语从句是陈述句时，连词一般由that 引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体的意思，所以有时在口语或非正式文体中省略
  Li feels（that） his own team is even better.
  She says（that）she won’t take part in the sport meeting next Sunday.
补充
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry，sure，afraid，glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也是宾语从句
I’m sorry（that）I don’t know.
We’re sure （that） our team will win.
I’m afraid （that）he won’t pass the exam.
2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if 引导,表示“是否”，具有一定的含义，所以不能省略。
Let’s see if/whether we can find out some information about that city.
She asked me if/whether she could borrow these books.
Lily wanted to know if/whether her grandma liked the handbag.
3.当宾语是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what，who，whom， which， whose）或连接副词（when，where， how，why）引导，在从句中担任一定句子的成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。
Do you know what he said just now?
I don’t remember when we arrived.
I asked him where I could get so much money.
Please tell me who(whom) we have to see.
Do you know what time the plane leaves?
补充
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
How much；how often；how long；how far；how many；how old；how soon
练习
1.The young man asked ___________ it’s summer or winter.
A. either  B.that  C.weather  D. whether
2. We don’t know ___________ they did it.
A.how  B.who  C.what  D.which
3.The teacher asks us___________ Jim can come back on time.
A.that  B.if  C.when  D.what time
4. I wonder    he is crying now.
A.that  B.why  C.how  D.when
5. Have you found out ___________ we can do on Hainnan Island?
A. what  B.how  C.if    D.whether
While的用法
1.表示“当…… 的时候”、“在……期间”， 引导时间状语从句，其谓语只能是延续性动词。
补充：（一）延续性动词就是指可以延续一定时间，并且可以产生长远影响的动词，learn，work， keep，have，stay等。
非延续动词也称瞬间动词或短暂性动词，指不能延续的动词，这种动作发生后会立即结束，比如：open，close，finish，begin，come，go等。
   
While she was typing，someone knocked at the door．
当她正在打字的时候有人在敲门。
While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
当吉姆正在修自行车的时候，林涛进来来看他。
You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
当你在看电视的时候不能做家庭作业。
（二）when，while的区别
i．都有do while语句怎么用“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间 。在when
引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。
I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
Were you writing when the teacher came in?
老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？
When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
i i．while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。
While they were talking , the bell rang.
正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候
2. 表示 “尽管”
While he loves his students， he is very strict with them．
尽管他爱他的学生们，但是他对他们很严格。
3. 表示“ 然而， 可是”
I like coffee， while my sister likes tea．
我喜欢咖啡，可是我喜欢茶。
I was preparing for the exam while they were chatting．
我正在准备考试，然而他们正聊天着。 
4．表示“只要”
While there is water, there is hope of life．
只要有水的地方就有生命的迹象。
I’ll offer help to those poor children while I’m alive．
只要我还是活着的我就会对那些贫困者提供帮助。
用when或者while填空
1.He was driving along ___________suddenly a woman appeared.
2.___________Jack was waiting at the door, an old woman called to him.
3.He was reading a book ___________ suddenly the telephone rang.
4.___________ it began to rain, they were playing chess.
5.She saw a taxi coming ___________ the woman was waiting under the streetlight.
6.While Jake ___________(look) for customers, he ___________ (see) a woman.
7.They ___________(play) football on the playground when it ___________(begin) to rain.
8.A strange box ___________(arrive) while we ___________(talk).
9.John ___________(sleep) when someone ___________(steal) his car.　

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