状语从句
Adverbial Clause
I.本章要点：
状语从句连接词总表：
状语从句
常用连词
时间状语从句
after, before, once, since, when, while, as, each/every time, till/until/no sooner….than,  scarcely…when, hardly…when, whenever, as soon as, by the time
地点状语从句
where, wherever
条件状语从句
If, unless, as/so long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing (that),given (that), provided (that)
让步状语从句
although, though, as, even if, even though, when, while, , not, whatever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter what/how/where/when
原因状语从句
because, as, since, because of, owing to, now that, for the reason that, in that, seeing that, considering that
结果状语从句
so that, such that, so...,,
目的状语从句
so, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, for the purpose that, lest
方式状语从句
as, as if, as though, the way
比较状语从句
as, than, the+比较级+the+比较级..., as...as...
II.状语从句语法点分述：
一、时间状语从句
常用连接词：
词义
连接词
当
when
while
as
直到
until
till
一……就
no sooner …than
hardly…when
scarcely…when
as soon as…
the moment/the second
once
在……之前/后
before／after
到……为止
by
1.when 的用法
a.“当……时”，两件事情相继发生（从句动作在主句动作之前发生）
When I receive your email, I will reply soon.
♥Attention♥
此句为“主将从现”原则，即在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，从句用一般现在时代替一    般将来时。
b.（正在……时）突然
★小试身手★
1)The smiths were spending their holidays in Paris _ B__ a terrible tsunami happened.
    A once              B when              C since              D while
2.while 的用法
a.“在……期间”，用延续性动词
While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
b.表对比
Some courses in college are required while others are optional.
c.虽然，尽管（放句首，主从句主语为同一人或物）
While I think living in poverty is bad, I don't care about money.
♥Attention♥
和although相比，while语气比较弱，比较口语化。Although正式，语气也强烈。
3.as的用法
a.“正当……的时候”(动词可短暂，可延续)
As they were walking together in the shrubbery（灌木丛）the next day， she said something.
As I was going out, it began to rain.
b.“随着”
As she grew older she gained in confidence.
★小试身手★
选词填空：
1)Tom is very outgoing, _____ (when/while/as) Jane is shy and quiet.
2)Some people waste food ____ (as/when/while) others haven’t enough.
4.before 的用法
Jane had not been gone long before it rained hard.
吉英刚走不久就下起大雨。
★小试身手★
1)Long before he was born, his grandpa______A_____.
A. had died            B. passed away          C. had dead            D. had been dead
5.by the time/by the end of用法
By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory.
回顾：by + 将来时间搭配什么时态？
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
6.as soon as/the moment/ the minute/ the second/no sooner…than／hardly…when／scarcely….when “一……就”
a.as soon as
1)讲过去的事情
As soon as I entered the house, I singled you out as a companion of my future life.
（动作同时发生）
As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home.（动作有先后）
2)讲一般的情况
Researchers found that women are overcome by a burning desire to share gossip as soo
n as they hear it.
研究人员发现，女性一旦听到什么八卦新闻，就难以克制要去和其他人分享。
b.the moment/the second/ the minute
The moment I saw her, I fell in love with her. （首字母）
c.no sooner….than; hardly/scarcely…when
while语句都可以用for改写They had no sooner dined than they set off again.
★小试身手★
1)No sooner _____ the fans ______ (see) the movie star than they cried.
2)I _________ got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
      A. no sooner            B. had no sooner        C. no sooner had        D. had hardly
3)The party had hardly started when the police arrived. (连词成句)
                                                                   
d.once用法
Once you cross that line, once you’ve given in to fear, you’ll never go back.

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