Shell总结10-shell运⾏环境
Shell总结10-shell运⾏环境、模式
系统范围配置⽂件
/etc/profile
/etc/profile通常存放系统基础环境变量，⽐如：PATH, USER, MAIL, HOSTNAME等等。有些发⾏版也会把umask放进来，并不建议⽤户⾃定义修改。
$cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
fi
USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
shell vim命令
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
/etc/profile.d/
⽬录下⽤来放置⼀些定制化的系统级别的环境设置，⽐如系统级别针对vi的关联
[root@nginx-node01 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/vim.sh
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" -o -n "$KSH_VERSION" -o -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ]; then
[ -x /usr/bin/id ] || return
ID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
[ -n "$ID" -a "$ID" -le 200 ] && return
# for bash and zsh, only if no alias is already set
alias vi >/dev/null 2>&1 || alias vi=vim
fi
/etc/bashrc
如果系统安装有多个类型的shell，那么最好把专门针对bash的配置写在这⾥，这⾥会判断shell当前以何种模式运⾏（是否交互式、是否登录式）来设置不同的环境变量。
cat /etc/bashrc
# /etc/bashrc
# System wide functions and aliases
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
# are we an interactive shell?
if [ "$PS1" ]; then
if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then
case $TERM in
xterm*|vte*)
if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then
PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm
elif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; then
PROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command"
else
PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'
fi
;;
screen*)
if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then
PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen
else
PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"'
fi
;;
*)
[ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default
;;
esac
fi
# Turn on parallel history
shopt -s histappend
history -a
# Turn on checkwinsize
shopt -s checkwinsize
[ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ "
# You might want to tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines)
# and console windows
# If you want to do so, just
# if [ "$PS1" ]; then
#  PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ "
# fi
# to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory
fi
if ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell
# Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profile
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell.
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
SHELL=/bin/bash
# Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell
# and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvars
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "$PS1" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
fi
# vim:ts=4:sw=4
⽤户私有配置⽂件
~/.bash_profile
⽤户环境的⾸选配置⽂件。在此⽂件中，⽤户可以添加其他配置选项或更改默认设置
[nginx@nginx-node01 ~]$ cat ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
~/.bashrc
针对⾮登录式的shell
[nginx@nginx-node01 ~]$ cat ~/.bashrc
# .bashrc
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
. /etc/bashrc
fi
# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=
# User specific aliases and functions
~/.bash_login
当/.bash_profile不存在时候会加载/.bash_login
~/.profile
如果没有/.bash_profile和/.bash_login，shell则会读取~/.profile。除了bash之外其他类型的shell也会读取
~/.bash_logout
当shell退出时，将执⾏~/.bash_logout中的命令shell运⾏模式
交互式、⾮交互式
[root@xuexi ~]# echo $PS1
[\u@\h \W]\$  #判断变量PS1，如果值⾮空，则为交互式[root@xuexi ~]# echo $-
himBH    #如果值中含有字母"i"，表⽰交互式。
登录式、⾮登录式
[root@xuexi ~]# shopt login_shell
login_shell    on  #值为"on"表⽰为登录式

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