OS+Centos8CentOS8Stream
s
centos8 stream 开启web console控制台页⾯
ctivate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Last login: Wed Sep 8 05:00:12 2021 from 112.80.230.67
cd /var/log/sssd
[root@centos8 ~]# cd /var/log/sssd
[root@centos8 sssd]# systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket.
mirrors.njupt.edu/centos/8.4.2105/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8.4.2105-x86_64-dvd1.iso
Question 3: Centos 8 Stream yum exception
Answer 3:
CentOS 8 / CentOS Stream 换源，设置dnf / yum镜像
wwwblogs/wswind/p/11751829.html
aliyun镜像
2021-5-18 add:
阿⾥云镜像的帮助站点挂了很久了，⼀直提⽰正在升级。但是⽬前仅影响帮助页⾯，实际的地址还是可以⽤的。本教程中mirrors.aliyun地址也可替换为其他镜像源地址，⼀般来说区别不⼤，如：mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu / repo.huaweicloud
官⽅教程如下，注意此处下载的不是Stream版本的repo
问题2：cents 8 设置时间同步服务器，NTP不⽀持，仅⽀持chronyd
解决2：f ⽂件尾部添加如下内容
[root@centos8 ~]# vim /f
server 10.27.126.249
[root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart chronyd
问题1：Centos8 开机后显⽰ Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socke
解决1：CentOS8 系统⾃带Web Console功能，可以通过浏览器管理主机。
blog.sina/s/blog_72ffeed50102ycv6.html
wwwblogs/lindows/p/11167217.html
wwwblogs/ttrrpp/p/12109408.html
[root@centos8 rc.d]# systemctl start cockpit.socket # 运⾏Cockpit服务
[root@centos8 rc.d]# systemctl enable –now cockpit.socket # 启动该服务，随系统启动⼀同启动
[root@centos8 rc.d]# systemctl status cockpit.socket
[root@centos8 rc.d]# systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket.
[root@centos8 rc.d]# ll /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Feb 8 10:14 /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/cockpit.socket -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/cockpit.socket
然后在浏览器中访问地址：主机地址:9090 ，即可进⼊控制台。
问题2 ：Centos 8 重回图形界⾯⽅法
解决2：
[root@centos8 rc.d]# systemctl get-default
graphical.target
运⾏下⾯两个命令后，再重启就ok了！重启系统进⼊图形化桌⾯
[root@centos8 rc.d]# yum grouplist
[root@centos8 rc.d]# yum groupinstall -y "Server with GUI"
CentOS 8 U盘安装及Installation Source报错和ssh报错的解决⽅法
www.jianshu/p/60f7750a97d5
问题1：使⽤ UltraISO 制作启动盘时，Centos8 Stream在安装界⾯容易产⽣ Installation Source 的报错问题，解决1：使⽤ win32diskimager 制作启动盘。
mirrors.nju.edu/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-20201211-dvd1.iso
mirrors.163/centos/8-stream/isos/x86_64/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-20201211-dvd1.iso
mirrors.nju.edu/centos/8.3.2011/isos/x86_64/CentOS-8.3.2011-x86_64-dvd1.iso
The following mirrors in your region should have the ISO images available:
CentOS 8和7版本对⽐
功能CentOS 8CentOS 7
时间同步只⽀持Chronyd ⽀持NTP 和Chronyd ⽂件⼤⼩8EB 500TB
⽂件系统⼤⼩1PB 500TB
包管理⼯具DNF （YUM v4）YUM （YUM v3）
最⼤内存24TB 12TB
防⽕墙nftables 取代iptables firewalld 底层使⽤iptables
⽀持架构⽀持64-bit ARM 不⽀持64-bit ARM
⽹络管理默认安装Cockpit ⽆默认安装
CPU ⽇志CPU ⽇志记录在journald 进程中CPU 相关⽇志位于/var/log/cups ⽬录发布时间2019-09-242014-07-07
完整更新2024-05-012020-08-06
⽀持IPv6⽀持Ready Logo Phase 2
Git    2.18  1.7
GCC 8.2.1  4.8.5
Python    3.6.6  2.7.5
Glibc    2.28  2.17
Boost    1.66  1.53
LLVM/Clang 6.0
5.0功能
CentOS 8CentOS 7d
Linux 查看硬件信息命令
⼀、查看服务器硬件信息
（1）查看服务器型号、序列号
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep  "Manufacturer|Product|Serial"
（2）查看主板型号
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$"
（3）查看BIOS 信息
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.8 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: HP
Version: U19
Release Date: 12/27/2015
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 16384 kB
Characteristics:
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
UEFI is supported
BIOS Revision: 2.0
centos vim命令Firmware Revision: 2.40
（3）查看内存槽及内存条
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -23
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16384 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
Speed: 2133 MHz
Manufacturer: HP
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: 752369-081
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
Minimum Voltage:  1.2 V
Maximum Voltage:  1.2 V
Configured Voltage:  1.2 V
[root@Master ~]#
（4）查看⽹卡信息
[root@Master ~]# dmesg | grep -i Ethernet
igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver - version 5.3.0-k
igb 0000:04:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:04:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:04:00.2: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:04:00.3: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:02:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
igb 0000:02:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
（5）查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息
[root@Master ~]# lspci | head -10
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:02.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:02.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:02.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
00:03.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
00:03.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
⼆、查看CPU信息
（1）查看cpu型号
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
40  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz
（2）查看系统中实际物理CPU的数量（物理）
[root@Master ~]# grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l
2
（3）系统中实际物理CPU的数量（核数）
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'processor'|wc -l
40
（4）查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
cpu cores      : 10
（5）查看CPU的主频
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq
cpu MHz        : 1200.000
cpu MHz        : 2300.000
cpu MHz        : 1200.000
（6）查看CPU的详细信息
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | head -20
processor      : 0                          //逻辑处理器的ID
vendor_id      : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model          : 63
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz  //CPU型号
stepping        : 2
microcode      : 54
cpu MHz        : 1200.000
cache size      : 25600 KB
physical id    : 0
siblings        : 20                //相同物理封装处理器中逻辑处理器数
core id        : 0
cpu cores      : 10              //相同物理封装处理器中的内核数
apicid          : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu            : yes
fpu_exception  : yes
cpuid level    : 15
wp              : yes
flags          : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology nonstop_tsc ape （7）查看CPU的相关信息
[root@Master ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                40
On-line CPU(s) list:  0-39
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    10
Socket(s):            2
NUMA node(s):          2
Vendor ID:            GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                63
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz
BogoMIPS:              4594.43
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:            32K
L1i cache:            32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              25600K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):    0-9,20-29
NUMA node1 CPU(s):    10-19,30-39
[root@Master ~]#
（8）查看cpu运⾏模式
[root@Master ~]# getconf LONG_BIT
64
（9）查看cpu是否⽀持64bit
[root@Master ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
40
(结果⼤于0, 说明⽀持64bit计算. lm指long mode, ⽀持lm则是64bit)
三、查看内存信息
（1）查看内存硬件信息
root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -24
Handle 0x000C, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x000A
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 16384 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type: DDR4
Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
Speed: 2133 MHz
Manufacturer: HP
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: 752369-081
Rank: 2
Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
Minimum Voltage:  1.2 V
Maximum Voltage:  1.2 V
Configured Voltage:  1.2 V
（2）最⼤⽀持多少内存
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximum\s+Capacity'
（3）Linux 查看内存的插槽数，已经使⽤多少插槽.每条内存多⼤：
（4）Linux 查看内存的频率：
[root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'
（5）Linux 查看内存的详细信息：
[root@Master ~]# cat /proc/meminfo |head -20
MemTotal:      131897620 kB
MemFree:          414124 kB

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