Ubuntu16.04修改内核启动
  写这篇⽂章⼀是为了对遇到同样问题的⼈提供⼀个参考，⼆来也是为了⾃⼰便于总结和查阅。希望⼤神勿喷。
  好了，废话不多说了，转⼊正题。
  前⼏天给⾃⼰的电脑装了个Ubuntu16.04LTS,⾃⼰顺⼿就把⾥边的软件什么的升级了⼀下。不知怎么地把内核升级到了4.8.0-26-generic，然后电脑就USB⽼出⽑病（在开机
之前插上优盘的话可以读出优盘，开机后插上就没反应，但USB可以有电）。⽿机也不能⽤了，喇叭也没声⾳。⾃⼰也不懂怎么回事，就各种百度，Google。⽹上好多⼈说是内
核和硬件不兼容，⼀般把显卡驱动卸载了就好了。我试了⼀下没有成功。后来注意到开机的时候提⽰Failed to start Load Kernel Modules。然后就转战内核⽅向。
grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg
1.该命令显⽰内核的启动顺序，⽐如：
zgw@zgw-ThinkPad:~$ grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
menuentry_id_option="--id"
menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
submenu 'Ubuntu ⾼级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.8.0-26-lowlatency' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-45-lowlatency-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-26-lowlatency (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-45-lowlatency-init-upstart-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d'
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-26-lowlatency (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-45-lowlatency-recovery-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d'    menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.8.0-26-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-45-generic-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-26-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-45-generic-init-upstart-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-26-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-45-generic-recovery-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.4.0-21-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-21-generic-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-21-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --
class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-21-generic-init-upstart-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.4.0-21-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.4.0-21-generic-recovery-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' { menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
2. 假设你要以4.4.0-21内核版本启动，则将⽂件/etc/default/grub中　
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
改为
GRUB_DEFAULT=6
或者改为
GRUB_DEFAULT=”Ubuntu，Linux 4.4.0-21-generic“
保存后
3. 然后使⽤命令sudo update-grub
4.重新启动后输⼊uname -r查看，内核即为想要的内核。
  我在恢复模式⽤低版本内核进⼊系统后，检查不到4.8.0-26-generic内核，不知道是什么原因。命令如下：
dpkg -l | tail -n +6| grep -E 'linux-image-[0-9]+'| grep -Fv $(uname -r)
最后没办法，抱着死马当活马医的想法。
5.直接把/boot/中4.8.0-26相关的⽂件及⽂件夹全部删除。命令如下：
sudo rm -rf *4.8.0-26*
6.然后修改了配置⽂件：/boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo cp /etc/boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/boot/grub/grub.w
sudo vim  /etc/boot/grub/grub.cfg
7.到如下代码块（我的为148,149⾏）：
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-26-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-26-generic
将其改为⾃⼰想使⽤的内核，我的如下：
linux    /vmlinuz-4.4.0-45-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
initrd    /initrd.img-4.5.0-45-generic
8.然后重启电脑就可以了，如若不⾏，请如下代码块（我的为151⾏）。
submenu 'Ubuntu ⾼级选项' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d'
9.将此⾏代码下的与4.8.0-26相关的代码全部删除（我的为152~263⾏）然后重启就可以了。
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.8.0-26-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.8.0-26-generic-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
fi
echo    '载⼊ Linux 4.8.0-26-generic ...'
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-26-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo    '载⼊初始化内存盘...'
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-26-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-26-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --
class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.8.0-26-generic-init-upstart-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
fi
echo    '载⼊ Linux 4.8.0-26-generic ...'
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-26-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
echo    '载⼊初始化内存盘...'
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-26-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-26-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --cla
ss gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.8.0-26-generic-recovery-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {        recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
fi
echo    '载⼊ Linux 4.8.0-26-generic ...'
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-26-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro recovery nomodeset
echo    '载⼊初始化内存盘...'
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-26-generic
}ubuntu vim命令
menuentry 'Ubuntu，Linux 4.8.0-22-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.8.0-22-generic-advanced-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
fi
echo    '载⼊ Linux 4.8.0-22-generic ...'
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
echo    '载⼊初始化内存盘...'
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-22-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-22-generic (upstart)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.8.0-22-generic-init-upstart-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {
recordfail
load_video
gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
fi
echo    '载⼊ Linux 4.8.0-22-generic ...'
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff init=/sbin/upstart
echo    '载⼊初始化内存盘...'
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-22-generic
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.8.0-22-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.8.0-22-generic-recovery-5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d' {        recordfail
load_video
insmod gzio
if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 88421677-a988-4ff9-bf29-6c56aa4a9027
fi
echo    '载⼊ Linux 4.8.0-22-generic ...'
linux    /vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic root=UUID=5bce3795-da96-4c6f-bed2-67d37185a77d ro recovery nomodeset
echo    '载⼊初始化内存盘...'
initrd    /initrd.img-4.8.0-22-generic
}
10.总结，经过⼤半个下午的折腾，终于可以正常使⽤了。我感觉直接执⾏第7步就可以。只是个⼈感觉⽽已，并没有经过实践检验。第⼀次写博客，如有不⾜请⼤家多加指正。
引⽤了两个链接，参考了许多⽹友的想法，如涉及原创者版权问题，请及时联系，必当第⼀时间修改。

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