golang中的加密⽅式总结
缘起
因为项⽬中使⽤mysql的AES_DECRYPT⽅法，欲使⽤golang实现该⽅法, 但是研究了半天没明⽩怎么回事, 最后才发现golang当前默认⽀
持CBC的⽅式，但是mysql当前使⽤的是ECB模式, 所以需要使⽤者分组分块加密，特总结⼀下golang中的各个加密算法
关于密码学
当前我们项⽬中常⽤的加解密的⽅式⽆⾮三种.
对称加密, 加解密都使⽤的是同⼀个密钥, 其中的代表就是AES
⾮对加解密, 加解密使⽤不同的密钥, 其中的代表就是RSA
签名算法, 如MD5、SHA1、HMAC等, 主要⽤于验证，防⽌信息被修改, 如：⽂件校验、数字签名、鉴权协议
AES
AES：⾼级加密标准（Advanced Encryption Standard），⼜称Rijndael加密法，这个标准⽤来替代原先的DES。AES加密数据块分组长度必须为128bit(byte[16])，密钥长度可以是128bit(byte[16])、192bit(byte[24])、256bit(byte[32])中的任意⼀个。
块：对明⽂进⾏加密的时候，先要将明⽂按照128bit进⾏划分。
填充⽅式：因为明⽂的长度不⼀定总是128的整数倍，所以要进⾏补位，我们这⾥采⽤的是PKCS7填充⽅式
AES实现的⽅式多样, 其中包括ECB、CBC、CFB、OFB等
1.电码本模式（Electronic Codebook Book (ECB)）
将明⽂分组加密之后的结果直接称为密⽂分组。
2.密码分组链接模式（Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)）
将明⽂分组与前⼀个密⽂分组进⾏XOR运算，然后再进⾏加密。每个分组的加解密都依赖于前⼀个分组。⽽第⼀个分组没有前⼀个分组，因此需要⼀个初始化向量
3.计算器模式（Counter (CTR)）
4.密码反馈模式（Cipher FeedBack (CFB)）
前⼀个密⽂分组会被送回到密码算法的输⼊端。
在CBC和EBC模式中，明⽂分组都是通过密码算法进⾏加密的。⽽在CFB模式中，明⽂分组并没有通过加密算法直接进⾏加密，明⽂分组和密⽂分组之间只有⼀个XOR。
5.输出反馈模式（Output FeedBack (OFB)）
加密模式对应加解密⽅法
CBC NewCBCDecrypter, NewCBCEncrypter
CTR NewCTR
CFB NewCFBDecrypter, NewCFBEncrypter
OFB NewOFB
1.CBC模式, 最常见的使⽤的⽅式
package main
import(
"bytes"
"crypto/aes"
"fmt"
"crypto/cipher"
"encoding/base64"
)
func main() {
orig := "hello world"
key := "0123456789012345"
fmt.Println("原⽂：", orig)
encryptCode := AesEncrypt(orig, key)
fmt.Println("密⽂：" , encryptCode)
decryptCode := AesDecrypt(encryptCode, key)
fmt.Println("解密结果：", decryptCode)
}
func AesEncrypt(orig string, key string) string {
// 转成字节数组
origData := []byte(orig)
k := []byte(key)
// NewCipher该函数限制了输⼊k的长度必须为16, 24或者32
block, _ := aes.NewCipher(k)
// 获取秘钥块的长度
blockSize := block.BlockSize()
// 补全码
origData = PKCS7Padding(origData, blockSize)
// 加密模式
blockMode := cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, k[:blockSize])
// 创建数组
cryted := make([]byte, len(origData))
// 加密
blockMode.CryptBlocks(cryted, origData)
return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cryted)
}
func AesDecrypt(cryted string, key string) string {
// 转成字节数组
crytedByte, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(cryted)
k := []byte(key)
// 分组秘钥
block, _ := aes.NewCipher(k)
// 获取秘钥块的长度
blockSize := block.BlockSize()
// 加密模式
blockMode := cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, k[:blockSize])
// 创建数组
orig := make([]byte, len(crytedByte))
// 解密
blockMode.CryptBlocks(orig, crytedByte)
// 去补全码
orig = PKCS7UnPadding(orig)
return string(orig)
}
//补码
//AES加密数据块分组长度必须为128bit(byte[16])，密钥长度可以是128bit(byte[16])、192bit(byte[24])、256bit(byte[32])中的任意⼀个。func PKCS7Padding(ciphertext []byte, blocksize int) []byte {
padding := blocksize - len(ciphertext)%blocksize
padtext := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
return append(ciphertext, )
}
//去码
func PKCS7UnPadding(origData []byte) []byte {
length := len(origData)
unpadding := int(origData[length-1])
return origData[:(length - unpadding)]
}
2.ECB模式: mysql中AES_DECRYPT函数的实现⽅式
package mysqlcrypto
import (
"crypto/aes"
)
func AESEncrypt(src []byte, key []byte) (encrypted []byte) {
cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key))
length := (len(src) + aes.BlockSize) / aes.BlockSize
plain := make([]byte, length*aes.BlockSize)
copy(plain, src)
pad := byte(len(plain) - len(src))
for i := len(src); i < len(plain); i++ {
plain[i] = pad
}
encrypted = make([]byte, len(plain))
// 分组分块加密
for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs <= len(src); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() {
cipher.Encrypt(encrypted[bs:be], plain[bs:be])
}
return encrypted
}
func AESDecrypt(encrypted []byte, key []byte) (decrypted []byte) {
cipher, _ := aes.NewCipher(generateKey(key))
decrypted = make([]byte, len(encrypted))
//
for bs, be := 0, cipher.BlockSize(); bs < len(encrypted); bs, be = bs+cipher.BlockSize(), be+cipher.BlockSize() {
cipher.Decrypt(decrypted[bs:be], encrypted[bs:be])
}
if len(decrypted) > 0 {
trim = len(decrypted) - int(decrypted[len(decrypted)-1])
}
return decrypted[:trim]
}
func generateKey(key []byte) (genKey []byte) {
genKey = make([]byte, 16)
copy(genKey, key)
for i := 16; i < len(key); {
for j := 0; j < 16 && i < len(key); j, i = j+1, i+1 {
genKey[j] ^= key[i]
}
}
return genKey
}
CFB模式
func ExampleNewCFBDecrypter() {
/
/ Load your secret key from a safe place and reuse it across multiple
// NewCipher calls. (Obviously don't use this example key for anything
// real.) If you want to convert a passphrase to a key, use a suitable
// package like bcrypt or scrypt.
key, _ := hex.DecodeString("6368616e676520746869732070617373")
ciphertext, _ := hex.DecodeString("7dd015f06bec7f1b8f6559dad89f4131da62261786845100056b353194ad") block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// The IV needs to be unique, but not secure. Therefore it's common to
// include it at the beginning of the ciphertext.
if len(ciphertext) < aes.BlockSize {
panic("ciphertext too short")
}
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
ciphertext = ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:]
stream := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
// XORKeyStream can work in-place if the two arguments are the same.
stream.XORKeyStream(ciphertext, ciphertext)
fmt.Printf("%s", ciphertext)
// Output: some plaintext
}
func ExampleNewCFBEncrypter() {
go 字符串转数组// Load your secret key from a safe place and reuse it across multiple
// NewCipher calls. (Obviously don't use this example key for anything
// real.) If you want to convert a passphrase to a key, use a suitable
// package like bcrypt or scrypt.
key, _ := hex.DecodeString("6368616e676520746869732070617373")
plaintext := []byte("some plaintext")
block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// The IV needs to be unique, but not secure. Therefore it's common to
// include it at the beginning of the ciphertext.
ciphertext := make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(plaintext))
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
stream := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
stream.XORKeyStream(ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:], plaintext)
// It's important to remember that ciphertexts must be authenticated
/
/ (i.e. by using crypto/hmac) as well as being encrypted in order to
// be secure.
fmt.Printf("%x\n", ciphertext)
}
RSA
⾸先使⽤openssl⽣成公私钥
import (
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/rsa"
"crypto/x509"
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/pem"
"errors"
"fmt"
)
// 私钥⽣成
//openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
var privateKey = []byte(`
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----MIICWwIBAAKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfMNSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bM
h0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdTnCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPaco qDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Zy682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB AoGAeWAZvz1HZExca5k/hpbeqV+0+VtobMgwMs96+U53BpO/VRzl8Cu3CpNyb7HY 64L9YQ+J5QgpPhqkgIO0dMu/0RIXsmhvr2gcxmKObcqT3JQ6S4rjHTln49I2sYTz
7JEH4TcplKjSjHyq5MhHfA+CV2/AB2BO6G8limu7SheXuvECQQDwOpZrZDeTOOBk
z1vercawd+J9ll/FZYttnrWYTI1sSF1sNfZ7dUXPyYPQFZ0LQ1bhZGmWBZ6a6wd9
R+PKlmJvAkEA6o32c/WEXxW2zeh18sOO4wqUiBYq3L3hFObhcsUAY8jfykQefW8q yPuuL02jLIajFWd0itjvIrzWnVmoUuXydwJAXGLrvllIVkIlah+lATprkypH3Gyc YFnxCTNkOzIVoXMjGp6WMFylgIfLPZdSUiaPnxby1FNM7987fh7Lp/m12QJAK9iL
2JNtwkSR3p305oOuAz0oFORn8MnB+KFMRaMT9pNHWk0vke0lB1sc7ZTKyvkEJW0o eQgic9DvIYzwDUcU8wJAIkKROzuzLi9AvLnLUrSdI6998lmeYO9x7pwZPukz3era zncjRK3pbVkv0KrKfczuJiRlZ7dUzVO0b6QJr8TRAA==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
`)
// 公钥: 根据私钥⽣成
//openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
var publicKey = []byte(`
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDcGsUIIAINHfRTdMmgGwLrjzfM NSrtgIf4EGsNaYwmC1GjF/bMh0Mcm10oLhNrKNYCTTQVGGIxuc5heKd1gOzb7bdT nCDPPZ7oV7p1B9Pud+6zPacoqDz2M24vHFWYY2FbIIJh8fHhKcfXNXOLovdVBE7Z
y682X1+R1lRK8D+vmQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
`)
// 加密
func RsaEncrypt(origData []byte) ([]byte, error) {
//解密pem格式的公钥
block, _ := pem.Decode(publicKey)
if block == nil {
return nil, errors.New("public key error")
}
// 解析公钥
pubInterface, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(block.Bytes)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// 类型断⾔
pub := pubInterface.(*rsa.PublicKey)
//加密
return rsa.EncryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, pub, origData)
}
// 解密
func RsaDecrypt(ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
//解密
block, _ := pem.Decode(privateKey)
if block == nil {
return nil, errors.New("private key error!")
}
//解析PKCS1格式的私钥
priv, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// 解密
return rsa.DecryptPKCS1v15(rand.Reader, priv, ciphertext)
}
func main() {
data, _ := RsaEncrypt([]byte("hello world"))
fmt.Println(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data))
origData, _ := RsaDecrypt(data)
fmt.Println(string(origData))
}
散列算法
// sha256加密字符串
str := "hello world"
sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(str))
fmt.Printf("SHA256：%x\n", sum)
// sha256加密⽂件内容
func fileSha156() {
file, err := os.OpenFile("e:/", os.O_RDONLY, 0777) if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer file.Close()
h := sha256.New()
// 将⽂件内容拷贝到sha256中
io.Copy(h, file)
fmt.Printf("%x\n", h.Sum(nil))
}
// md5加密
result := md5.Sum([]byte(str))
fmt.Printf("MD5：%x\n", result)
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