动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动 词与非延续性动词。
一 . 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 , 如 :learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等 。 延续性动词可以与表示 时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有 :for+一段时间 , for 2 years; since从句 ,since he came here; since+时间点名词 ,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等。
例 :He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
二 . 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、 瞬间动词 , 表示不能延续的动作 , 这种动作 发生后立即结束。 如 :open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用, 如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例 :He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 例 :I haven't left here for 3 years. I h
aven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三 . 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构 , be a member of+组织机构 , open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in, leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get out →be out, put on→ wear ; catch a cold →have a cold等。 例 :The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.
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补充练习:
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
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A. bought B. has bought C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
ignore和miss的区别A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D
如果你仔细看完这个并且完全理解了 肯定会对你英语学习有很大帮助
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