英语中的同化assimilation
Assimilation of Speech Sounds in
English
英语中的同化
Definition & Theoretical Research Shane (2006)：
it is a process in which a segment takes on feature of sounds from a neighbouring one.
Victoria Fromkin (2004)：
assimilation is a kind of ease of articulation process in which one sound influences the pronunciation of another adjacent or nearby sound.
Ladefoged (2006)：
anticipatory co-articulation is by far the commonest cause of assimilations in English.
Definition & Theoretical Research
Roach (2001): regressive
defines two kinds of assimilation
progressive
regressive:when the final consonant changes to become like the initial consonant of the second word
progressive:when the final consonant becomes like the preceding consonant in some way as in voicing
Definition & Theoretical Research
Dai Weidong(2010):
A New Concise Course in Linguistics for Students of English
“assimilating one sound to another
by‘copying’a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar”
Hu Zhuanglin (2006):
assimilation is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound
regressive assimilation:
If a following sound is influencing a preceding sound
progressive assimilation:
if a preceding sound is influencing a following sound
3 Types
Direction Result Feature
Direction
regressive assimilation
newspaper ：/njuspeip?/
/njuzpeip?/progressive assimilation
it's ：/its/what's : /w ?ts/
/itz/ /w ?tz/
reciprocal/double assimilation
did you : /di ’d ?u/
/did u/
√×
terms
term explanation
the assimilated sound/
the target
sound that changes
the conditioning sound/
the trigger
sound that causes the change
homorganic sound
(同器官发出的，发音部位相同的)two sounds that have the same place of articulation
Types Classified According to Result
www./doc/7c18074675.html,plete or total assimilation:
one phone becomes identical to another phone or two different phones become completely identical.
e.g. we t p aint /we p p e?nt/
whi te c oat /wa?k k??kt/
te n m en /te m m en/
goo d b oy /g?b b??/
(cited from 李梅.英语语音的同化[J].内蒙古科技与经济，2000（7）
2. Partial assimilation:
one phone is partly identical to another phone or
one phone acquires the same feature (place,manner, voicing, height, rounding, etc.)as another phone.
(a) Acquire the feature of place:
no t me /n?p mi:/
i n bed /?m bed/
(b) Voicing assimilation such as third person singular
and plural endings –s:
pat pat[s] pad pad[z]
cup cup[s] cub cub[z]
(cited from Linguistics --A Course Book by Hu Zhuanglin)
types classified according to Feature
Feature
assimilation of place assimilation of
voice
assimilation of
manner
assimilation of place
1.nazalization(鼻音化)
eg. cap [k?p] can [k?n] tap [t?p] tan [t?n]
lap [l?p] map [m?p] 2.dentalization（齿音化）
eg. tent [t?nt] tenth [t?nθ] ninety [na?nti] ninth [na?nθ]
(cited from Linguistics --A Course Book by Hu zhuanglin)
3.velarization（腭音化）
alveolar齿龈音+velar软腭音velar软腭音[t,d,n,s.z] + [k,g,?] [k,g,?]
eg. since [s?ns] sink [s??k]
mince [m?ns] mink [m??k]
[t] [k] : whi te c oat /wa?k k??kt/; fa t g irl
[d] [g]: ba d c old /b?g k??ld/; ba d g irl
[n] [?]: o ne c up /w?? k?p/; mai n g ate
4.alveolar齿龈音+bilabial双唇音bilabial双唇音
[t,d,n,s.z] + [p,b,m,w] [p,b,m,w] eg. [t] [p]: we t p aint /we p p e?nt/; best man /worker
[d] [b]: goo d b oy /g?b b??/; old man
[n] [m]: go ne p ast /g?m pɑ:st/ ; on me
5. palatal process 腭化过程
[s,z,t,d]+[j,?] [?,?,?, ?]
eg.1. [s] [?]: sugar [?ug?] (s+j=?)
has she[h?z ?i?] [hi:]
正则化英文
2. [z] [?]: measure[me)
where’s yours[we??j?:z]
3.[t]+[j] [?]: nature (t+j=?)
Glad to meet you! [gl?d tumi:tju:]
[gl?(d)tu mi:t?u] 4.[d]+[j] [?]: solider['sold??] (d+j= d?)
education [,?d?u'ke??n]
And you? [?nd ju:] [?n d?u:] cited from PengHui
assimilation of voice
1.devoicing清音化: a process by which voiced sounds become voiceless
[v,f]; [e,θ]; [z,s]; [?,?]; [?, ?] voiced voiceless
eg. five past(v→f)[fa?vpɑ?st]→[fa?fpɑ?st] has to (z→s) [h?zt?] →[h?st?]
edge to edge (?→?)[ ??t] → [ ??t]
2.清清浊浊
动词的第三人称单数形式，复数形式以及过去式形式的读音
assimilation of manner
1.方法同化指原来发音方法不同的相连辅音因相互作用而具有了相同的发音方法。这主要涉及词缀与词根相结合时发生的同化。例如词缀in-中的/n/受到相接辅音的影响而同化成与其同形的辅音
如：in+legal→illegal，in+regular→irregular，
in+mobile→immobile
如: ad+range→arrange，ad+ply→apply；(彭慧)

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