位敦市阳光实验学校高三英语复习资料:语法专题构词法
高考对构词法的考察并不直接, 多在阅读完形中考察。课标对构词法提出了较高的要求, 为了适课标的要求, 全面扩大词汇量, 十分注重构词法的学习。学习构词法不盲目, 而遵循构词法的规律。事实证明, 高考试题中所涉及的构词法均是按规律形成的词。
典例精析:
1. At times ,worrying is a normal ,_______ response to a difficult event or situation ---a loved one being injured in an accident , for example .
A. effective    B. individual    C. inevitable    D. unfavorable
解析: inevitable = that cannot be avoided ;that is sure to happen 不可避免的;必然发生的;effective 有效的;individual 个人的;unfavorable 不利的, 有害的;不赞成的。
2. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____ , fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time .
A. accidentally    B. purposefully    C. obviously    D. formally
解析:根据词意可以知道C为最佳选项。Accidentally 偶然地 purposefully 有目的地 obviously 明显地 formally 正式地
一、词的派生
1.在词跟上加前缀构成词
前缀
示例
a-
Amaze among amount amuse apart around ashamed
be-
because behavior behind below beside belong
de-
deride declare defeat definite delay demand describe
dis- 不, 相对
相反
dismiss disobey disturb disappointed discovery discouraged disable disagreement
en- 使可能
Encourage energetic enlarge
elect-与电有关的
electrical electronic
in,(im-, ir- ) , 非
Impatient impossible independence indirect irregular
inter- 相互
International interruption interview
mis-不良, 误, 不
Misfortune misunderstanding mistaken
re-重复, 再
retell reunite reaction restore return reuse
un-非, 不
unboiled uncomfortable unrest unload unemployment
tele-远程
telegram telephone television telegraph
non-不, 无非
Nonsense nonsmoker nonstop non-violent
micro-
microcomputer microphone
trans-转变, 转移,
横越横过
translate transplant transform
over-横过, 在….之上
过多 , 过度
overhead overlook overtake
out-在外面的超越,
在上面超过
Outdoors outline output
under-低于, 不足
undergo underground underwater
2. 在词根上加后缀构成词
后缀
示例
-er
swimmer viewer commander villager
-an, -ian 精通….的人,
……地方的人
American European technician musician
-ist 专业人员
Violinist physicist scientist imperialist
-ese, ……地方的人
Chinese Japanese
-ment 性质, 状态
Government movement development
-ness 性质, 状态
Business illness darkness
-or 器具, …..
Cooker professor
-tion 动作, 过程, 结果
Pollution suggestion
-al
Practical educational national
-an
American Italian
-ern
southern northern
-ful 具有的性质, 与有关
helpful useful careful
-ble
Reasonable horrible terrible
-ish
Foolish English
-live
active native expensive
-y
Rainy sleepy
-less
Careless useless
动词
-ify 使…..
simplify electrify
-ize 使……成为
realize apologize
-ward (s)
Backwards inwards upwards
-ly表示方式、程度
freely perfectly
-ward (s) 表示方向
Towards forward
-teen
Fifteen, thirteen
-ty 整十位数
twenty thirty
-th序数词
Eighth hundredth
二、词的合成
词性
合成方法
形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted ill-formed good-tempered
形容词+现在分词
good-looking fine-sounding
副词+现在分词
hard-working far-reaching 深远的
名词+现在分词
peace-loving epoch-making 划时代的
名词+过去分词
horse-drawn 马拉的sun-burnt 晒黑的
副词+过去分词
newly-built wide-spread
形容词+名词
large-scale大规模的 long-term
名词+形容词
duty-free免税的 radioactive
形容词+形容词
red-hot 炽热的dark-blue 深蓝的
数词+正则化英语名词+ed
three-l
egged 三条腿的one-sided 片面的
数词+名词
three-year two-party 两的
其他构成方式
read-made现成的happy-go-lucky无忧无虑的
三词的转换
变化方式
动词转化为名词, 这类动词变为名词后, 常跟have, make, take 词搭配表示一个动词
have a look; make a study ;take a seat
表具体实物的名词可转化为动词
write a book, a drop of water
book a ticket, water the tree
表身体某的名词可转化为动词
Take a child in one’s arms (胳膊
Be armed (武装) to the teeth.
表示某类人的名词可转化为动词
The nurse (护士) on duty is nursing (护理) the patient .

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系QQ:729038198,我们将在24小时内删除。