shell script 正则
在Shell脚本中,可以使用正则表达式进行模式匹配和字符串操作。以下是一些常用的正则表达式语法和示例:
1. 匹配单个字符:
    `.`:匹配任意单个字符(除了换行符)。
    `[abc]`:匹配方括号内的任意字符(a、b或c)。
    `[^abc]`:匹配除方括号内字符之外的任意字符。示例:
```bash
!/bin/bash
string="Hello World"
if [[ $string =~ ^[A-Za-z]+$ ]]; then
  echo "String contains only letters."
else
  echo "String contains other characters."
fi
```
2. 匹配字符串:
    `^`:匹配字符串的开头。
    `$`:匹配字符串的结尾。示例:
```bash
!/bin/bash
string="Hello World"
if [[ $string =~ ^Hello.$ ]]; then
  echo "String starts with 'Hello'."
else
  echo "String does not start with 'Hello'."
fi
```
3. 匹配多个字符:
    ``:匹配前面的字符或组零次或多次。示例:
```bash
!/bin/bash
string="aaabbbccc"
正则匹配括号里的内容
if [[ $string =~ [a-c] ]]; then
  echo "String contains only lowercase letters."
else
  echo "String contains other characters."
fi
```
4. 数量词:
    `{n}`:匹配前面的字符或组恰好n次。示例:
    ```
    bash`!/bin/bash
    string="aaabbbccc"
    if [[ $string =~ [a-c]{3} ]]; then
      echo "String contains exactly 3 lowercase letters."
    else
      echo "String does not contain exactly 3 lowercase letters."
    fi`
    ```5. 选择、分组和引用:
``:选择,匹配左边的模式或右边的模式。示例:
```bash`!/bin/bash
string="Hello World"
if [[ $string =~ ^(HelloHi) (WorldFriend)$ ]]; then
  echo "String starts with 'Hello' or 'Hi' and ends with 'World' or 'Friend'."
else
  echo "String does not match the pattern."`

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