程岚详解2017年高考英语信息还原题(七选五)
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程岚:信息还原题(七选五)
程岚:接下来我来和大家聊聊阅读理解第二节信息还原题。
什么是“信息还原题”?
全国卷高考英语阅读理解部分分为两节,第一节为常规的阅读理解,第二节为信息还原。根据2017年全国卷高考考试说明,信息还原为“在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。”因此也被俗称“七选五”。信息还原题主要考查对语篇的基本结构和上下文的衔接关系的理解。
“信息还原题”解题步骤
“信息还原题”解题一共分四步。首先,考生应该通读全文,了解大意。一般来讲,记叙文和议论文可以认真阅读首尾段。说明文认真阅读每一段的首句,也就是每一段的主题句或者主旨句。这样都有助于了解文章的大致脉络或主旨大意。然后,考生需要仔细阅读七个选项,并用笔标注关键词,比如指示代词(it, they, he, she等),关系连词(and, so, however, instead, on the other hand, therefore等),以及和所在空格前后句意义相关的实词(名词、动词和形容词)或短语。之后,考生应该细读每个空格的前一句和后一句,根据前后句的逻辑关系确定答案。最后,带进答案再读全文,确保补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整。
“信息还原题”解题技巧
纵观高考题中“信息还原题”部分,不难发现五个问题出题位置不外乎在段首、段中或段尾。可以根据答案所在的位置分别确定解题技巧。
1. 如果答案在段首
如果答案在段首,那么说明这个句子可能是该段的主题句或者主旨句,也可能是本段和上
一段的过渡句。了解到这一特点后,考生在碰到在段首的空格,应该马上读本段主要讲的内容,并从七个选项中选出表示本段主旨的答案,或者承接前一段的那一句。
例如,2017年全国II卷第39题和第40题,都在段首。
39    We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
40  . It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
通读全文之后,考生可以了解到这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己露营的经历,告诉读者每个人都能到适合自己的回归自然的方法。
第39题在段首,是承上启下的过渡句,选项F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. 符合语境要求。其中,“the trip”指代上一段提到的another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness,而此空后面的句子We have done a lot of it since. 里面的it就是指代此句当中的camping,since则指的是since that trip。
第40题也在段首,同样是承上启下的过渡句。从第一段第一句作者三年前对露营的态度到和现在的态度可以看出,作者显然已经慢慢喜欢上了露营(come to enjoy camping),所以选项E符合语境要求。随后自然引出本段第二句It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature,这是全文的主旨句。
再如,2017年全国II卷第37题也在段首。
37  . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. 
A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no   
B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work   
C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes   
D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area   
E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available   
F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you   
G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
通读全文之后,考生可以了解到这是一篇说明文。作者介绍的是排除干扰的四条建议。37
题所在句是该段的主题句,介绍的是排除干扰的第一条建议If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no. 此空后面的句子是解释具体做法,选项A符合语境要求。
2. 如果答案在段中
“信息还原题”文章一般段落不会太长,一至五句不等。如果问题设在段中,那么答案那一句一定和其前一句或者后一句构成一定逻辑关系。因此,考生要关注答案及其前一句和后一句的逻辑关系,特别要留意文章的关联词。常见的句子间的逻辑关系有:指代关系、转折关系、因果关系、解释关系、并列关系、递进关系等等。而这些关系有很明显的关联词,比如:
curtains指代关系(it, they, he, she, one, some等);
转折关系(however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, otherwise等);
因果关系(so, therefore, hence, consequently, then, thus, for that reason, as a result, that’s why…等 );
解释关系(for example, for instance, namely, i.e. which means, to put it in another way, in other words等);
并列关系(first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude等);
递进关系(also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等);
例如:(下划线部分为答案)
指代关系
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not. (2017年全国II卷第40题)
这两句当中的it都指代前一句里面的“a door to your office”。
转折关系
This time there was no tent. Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. (2017年全国I卷第38题)
第二句当中的instead表明了两句之间的转折关系,tent和a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner进行对比。

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