用英语细说中国传统的礼仪
The Etiquette in Public Places公共场合的礼仪
Chinese get used to being pushed and buffeted when they use public transportation or go shopping in public stores. They aept this as normal behavior without expecting apologies. At the same time, the Chinese have been conditioned for centuries to ignore "outsiders，”meaning anyone not a member of their family，work unit, or circle
pushedof friends. They thus behave more or less as if others do not exist.
The Concept of“Puffing People First"“他人优先”的涵义
The concept of humanitarian treatment of our fellow citizens, so suinctly delineated in the pithy phrase "Putting People first"，is not a modernor western invention. It is quintessential Confucian in origin. In pursuit of restoring social order and harmony through individual morality, Confucius advocated a hierarchical social order allowing for individual ability and dedication. He firmly believed that everyone is born with the seeds of virtue and therefore should be treated with equal humanitarianism even as they hail from disadvantaged social backgrounds.
Traditional Custom of Ketou传统的磕头习俗
Traditional Chinese etiquette contained situations in which ketou was performed. Aording to imperial Chinese protocol，ketou was performed before the emperor. During
the Spring Festival，younger family members would ketou to members of each generation above them. At a wedding ceremony, the bride and bridegroom had to ketou to everyone from the eldest down to their parents in order. During ancestor worship services and the Bright and Clear Festival，ketou was also often performed.
跪拜礼
我国在东汉以前，还没有正式的凳椅，人们在进食、议事、看书时，是席地而坐。因此，坐时要两膝着地，然后将臀部坐于后脚跟之上，脚掌向后向外。古人的“坐”，实际上就是我们现在的“跪”。在接待宾客中，每当“坐”着向客人致谢时，为表示尊敬，往往伸直上半身，也就是“引身而起”，使坐变成跪，然后俯身向下，就这样，逐渐成了日常生活中的跪拜礼。汉代以后，渐渐有高座、凳椅先后问世，人们不再“席地而坐”，因而原来生活中的“跪坐”起了很大变化。跪拜礼仍然存在，却变成了等级差异的标志，主要广泛用于官场之中。在民间，如祭祀、祝寿等风俗中，仍然世代使用。后来又增加打千(行礼时左膝前屈，右腿后弯，上
体稍向前俯，右手下垂)、作揖(两手合抱，拱手为礼)、鞠躬(弯身行礼)等礼节。直到辛亥革命胜利，随着几千年封建君主的覆灭，才完毕了这种跪拜礼。

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