英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）
高等教育的一个重要作用就是要为学生走向社会和工作岗位的平稳过渡做好准备。大学只有通过鼓励学生课堂的参与和互动才能培养学生的能力，这种能力能使学生平稳有效地做好这个过渡。
One of the important functions of （1.……的一个重要作用）higher education should be to prepare students for a smooth transition into society and the workplace（2.为学生走向社会和工作岗位的平稳过渡做好准备）. Only by encouraging student participation and interaction （3.学生课堂的参与和互动）can universities foster （4.培养）students' ability to make the transition smoothly and effectively.
  
1- one of the important functions
 
词典释义：
function
['fʌŋk.ʃən] noun 
  PURPOSE 目的 
   IMPROVER  countable 
  ■the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a  person) 功能，用途；职责
•The function of the veins is to carry blood  to the heart.静脉的功能是将血液输送回心脏。
•I'm not quite sure what my function is within the  company.我拿不太准自己在公司里有甚么职责。
•A thermostat performs the function of  controlling temperature.自动调温器的功用是控制温度。
 
外刊例句：
That sums up one of  the important functions of the windpipe: keeping bacteria and other  particles in the air out of the lungs, where they could cause potentially  fatal infections. (The New York Times)
 
替换表达：one of the main functions of
 
学生错误表达：
（1）       one of the important contributions of
点评：contribution是指“贡献”，与“功能”不同。
 
 
2- prepare students for a smooth transition into society  and the workplace
prepare sb for sth/to do sth意为“使某人准备好（做）某事”。
 
词典释义：
transition
  tran·si·tion / trænˈzɪʃən ; trænˈzɪʃən /noun  C,U formal
  1. when something changes from one form or state to another过渡; 转变，变迁:
  transition from sth to sth
•the smooth  transition from fulltime work to full retirement从全职工作到完全退休的顺利过渡
•Making the  transition from youth to adulthood can be very painful.从青少年过渡到成年有时是一个非常痛苦的过程。
•a society that is  in transition (=changing)一个正在转型的社会
•the period of  transition to full democracy向全面民主的过渡时期
 
外刊例句：
The establishment of the UN-backed Government of National  Accord in December 2015 was supposed to guarantee Libya’s transition into a peaceful, unified  country, where elected officials rather than armed militants govern. (The  Economist)
 
学生错误表达：
（1）       make preparation for steady transformation for the  society and working
点评：transformation含义是“彻底改观，大变样”，与transition（过渡）不同。
（2）       transit steadily towards society and work positions
点评：transit作动词时，含义是“通过或穿过”，例如：aircraft  transiting the United States and Canada 飞越美国和加拿大的飞机，在这里使用transit不合适。如果要表示动词形式的“过渡”，可以用transition
（3）       students' preparation for the future career
点评：表达太过简略，不够准确。
（4）       prepare students to fit into the society and ensure  their smooth transition to the job positions
点评：这里society是泛指，前面不能加冠词，要改为fit into society；the job positions也不够准确，应该改为the workplace
 
 
3- student participation and interaction
名词可以作定语，所以这里student不需复数，也不需所有格。
 
词典释义：
participation
  par·ti·ci·pa·tion / pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeʃən ; pɑːˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən  /noun U
  1. the act of taking part in an activity or event参加，参与:
•Thank you for your  participation.谢谢你的参与。
[+ in ]
•We want more  participation in the decision-making.我们想更多地参与决策。
•entertainment with  plenty of audience participation 有许多观众参与的娱乐活动
 
interaction
UK [ˌɪn.tə'ræk.ʃən] US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable or uncountable 
  ■when two or more people or things communicate with or  react to each other 交流，交往；相互作用，相互影响
•There's not enough interaction between  the management and the workers.管理部门与工人之间的沟通不足。
•Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction.语言游戏通常用来鼓励学生间的交流。
•The play follows the interactions of three  very different characters.该剧以三个性格迥异的人物之间的交往为主线展开情节。
 
外刊例句：
This network means a student sitting in the Philippines can  undertake an MBA degree from the University of Surrey in the U.K., complete  with tutorial support andstudent  interaction from STI. (The Economist)
 
学生替换表达：
（1）       attend and interact in classes
点评：attend不够准确，这里可以改为participate；interact后面一般要加介词with，可以改为interact with others in class，即participate  and interact with others in class
（2）       take part in course interactions
点评：一般说法是take part in class courses，后面的interaction可以改为and interact with others
 
 
4- foster
 
词典释义：
UK ['fɒs.tər] US ['fɑ:.stɚ] verb 
  ENCOURAGE 鼓励 
  transitive 
  ■to encourage the  development or growth of ideas or feelings 鼓励；促进；培养 
•I'm trying to foster an interest in  classical music in my children.我正努力培养我的孩子们对古典音乐的兴趣。
•They were discussing the best way to foster  democracy and prosperity in the former communist countries.他们正在讨论促进前共产主义国家民主和繁荣的最佳办法。
 
外刊例句：
Now those schools themselves need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans  will need to set them apart from computers. (The Economist)
 
替换表达：promote/cultivate/develop
 
 
Q：参考翻译中用了should be，不是很理解这里为什么要用虚拟语气？
A：这里不是虚拟语气，这里只是情态动词+动词原形而已。
 
Q：请问老师，“workplace”是可数名词，这里为什么不用复数呢？是用“the workplace”宽泛指代工作岗位
A：the workplace是一个固定说法，表示“工作场所”，这个用法可以记起来。
 
the workplace variant used  in general for referring to places where people work
        discrimination  in the workplace
        Thesaurus:   general  words for offices and the workplacehyponym
 
Q：workplace字典译文工作场所，会不会working  post更合适呢？
A：这里不可以根据汉语直译过去，post一般指“（大机构内重要的）职位”，用在这里不合适。
 
Q：遇到这种长难句要怎么翻译？我一开始翻译的时候确定了主谓宾，但是不知道要怎么把修饰词不断加入，最后只好写了好多个小句子。我写的句子是：One of roles of the higher education is preparing smooth  transition for students toward the sociality and job. Only though encouraging  student to join class and interactive could university develop their abilities.  And this ability could make students transit steady and effectively.
 
A：一般来说，确定句子主谓宾后可以再确定句子各个部分之间的逻辑关系，然后用连词或者介词将各个部分连接起来。举个例子：
 
（1）       Only though encouraging student to join class and  interactive could university develop their abilities.
（2）       And this ability could make students transit steady  and effectively.
transition用法搭配 
这两句话都有共同的部分ability，可以用to连接起来：Only  though encouraging student to join class and interactive could university  develop their abilities to make the transition smoothly and effectively.

2.

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