PHP实现⾕歌验证器⼆次验证
⼀、什么是⾕歌⾝份验证器?
不少⽹站在登陆或者操作时都需要⾕歌⾝份验证器(Google Authenticator),就是说在输⼊⽤户名和密码之后还需要输⼊⼀个动态密码,⽽这个动态密码由⼿机APP⾕歌⾝份验证器⽣成,不但不依赖于⽹络,还会每30秒⾃动更新,是不是很强⼤?⾕歌验证器是⾕歌公司推出的⼀款动态⼝令⼯具,解决⼤家的google账户遭到恶意攻击的问题。开启⾕歌验证器的登陆两步验证(即Google Authenticator服务)后⽤户登陆时需要输⼊额外由⼿机客户端⽣成的动态密码。这样,即便你的交易所的账号和密码被攻破后,还需要打开⼿机的⾕歌验证器,输⼊⼀个6位数的动态密码(30秒变化⼀次)验证后,才能登⼊你的交易所。
⼆、如何安装使⽤
1、 如果您使⽤的是 iOS 系统( iPhone、iPad ),请访问 App Store ,搜索 Google ⾝份验证器( Google Authenticator ),点
击“获取”即可完成安装。
如果您使⽤的是 Android 系统(安卓⼿机),登录应⽤商店搜索 Google ⾝份验证器( Google Authenti
cator )下载。
2、安装好软件,即可。
三、验证码失败原因及分析不少⼈在使⽤过程中因为各种各样原因却卡在验证码上,收到“Invalid code"或者"Incorrect Code"或者"has expired"等验证码⽆效的消息,到底是什么原因呢?
原因⼀:30秒时间已过这个验证码是30秒⾃动更新的,如果输⼊之后恰好赶在它更换验证码,那原来这个已经失效,所以输⼊的时候看好时间,如果时间不够,就等它更新之后再输⼊。
原因⼆:时间不同步⼿机的时间需要和⾕歌服务器的时间不同步,但我选择同步之后依然⽆效,后来想想同步⾕歌服务器,需要“科学上⽹”,打开翻-墙再选择同步问题终于解决。
开启Google的登陆⼆步验证(即Google Authenticator服务)后⽤户登陆时需要输⼊额外由⼿机客户端⽣成的⼀次性密码。
实现Google Authenticator功能需要服务器端和客户端的⽀持。服务器端负责密钥的⽣成、验证⼀次性密码是否正确。客户端记录密钥后⽣成⼀次性密码。
算法类保存为GoogleAuthenticator.php 的⽂件
第⼀种,做登陆验证码时,第⼀次⽣成密钥不变,然后⽣成⼀个⼆维码⽤GoogleAuthenticatorAPP扫⼀下就添加进去了
服务器判断secret为第⼀次⽣成的密钥,code就是动态验证码,这样⽐较⼀下如果相同就通过。
第⼆种,对每个会员邦定动态验证或密码。注册会员时⾸次⽣成⼀个密钥保存到会员表⾥,下次登陆就把那个对应的随机数输出来。
⽣成动态码
$ga = new PHPGangsta_GoogleAuthenticator();
//⽣成个⼈秘钥,每次⽣成的都不⼀样,妥善保存
$mySecret = $ga->createSecret();
校验动态码
$checkResult = $ga->verifyCode('密钥secret', '动态验证code', 1);
if ($checkResult) {
echo '匹配! OK';
} else {
echo '不匹配! FAILED';
}
因为每个会员⽣成的密钥不⼀样,这样更安全些,个⼈认为。
PHPGangsta_GoogleAuthenticator 实际⽅法
<?php
class PHPGangsta_GoogleAuthenticator
{
protected $_codeLength = 6;
/**
* Create new secret.
* 16 characters, randomly chosen from the allowed base32 characters.
*
* @param int $secretLength
* @param int $secretLength
*
* @return string
*/
public function createSecret($secretLength = 16)
{
$validChars = $this->_getBase32LookupTable();
/
/ Valid secret lengths are 80 to 640 bits
if ($secretLength < 16 || $secretLength > 128) {
throw new Exception('Bad secret length');
}
$secret = '';
$rnd = false;
if (function_exists('random_bytes')) {
$rnd = random_bytes($secretLength);
} elseif (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
$rnd = mcrypt_create_iv($secretLength, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);        } elseif (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
$rnd = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($secretLength, $cryptoStrong);            if (!$cryptoStrong) {
$rnd = false;
}
}
if ($rnd !== false) {
for ($i = 0; $i < $secretLength; ++$i) {
$secret .= $validChars[ord($rnd[$i]) & 31];
}
} else {
throw new Exception('No source of secure random');
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}
return $secret;
}
/**
* Calculate the code, with given secret and point in time.
*
* @param string  $secret
* @param int|null $timeSlice
*
* @return string
*/
public function getCode($secret, $timeSlice = null)
{
if ($timeSlice === null) {
$timeSlice = floor(time() / 30);
}
$secretkey = $this->_base32Decode($secret);
// Pack time into binary string
$time = chr(0).chr(0).chr(0).chr(0).pack('N*', $timeSlice);
// Hash it with users secret key
$hm = hash_hmac('SHA1', $time, $secretkey, true);
// Use last nipple of result as index/offset
$offset = ord(substr($hm, -1)) & 0x0F;
// grab 4 bytes of the result
$hashpart = substr($hm, $offset, 4);
// Unpak binary value
$value = unpack('N', $hashpart);
$value = $value[1];
// Only 32 bits
$value = $value & 0x7FFFFFFF;
$modulo = pow(10, $this->_codeLength);
return str_pad($value % $modulo, $this->_codeLength, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
}
/**
* Get QR-Code URL for image, from google charts.
*
* @param string $name
* @param string $secret
* @param string $title
* @param array  $params
*
* @return string
*/
public function getQRCodeGoogleUrl($name, $secret, $title = null, $params = array())
{
$width = !empty($params['width']) && (int) $params['width'] > 0 ? (int) $params['width'] : 200;
$height = !empty($params['height']) && (int) $params['height'] > 0 ? (int) $params['height'] : 200;
$level = !empty($params['level']) && array_search($params['level'], array('L', 'M', 'Q', 'H')) !== false ? $params['level'] : 'M';
$urlencoded = urlencode('otpauth://totp/'.$name.'?secret='.$secret.'');
if (isset($title)) {
$urlencoded .= urlencode('&issuer='.urlencode($title));
}
return 'leapis/chart?chs='.$width.'x'.$height.'&chld='.$level.'|0&cht=qr&chl='.$urlencoded.'';
}
/**
* Check if the code is correct. This will accept codes starting from $discrepancy*30sec ago to $discre
pancy*30sec from now.    *
* @param string  $secret
* @param string  $code
* @param int      $discrepancy      This is the allowed time drift in 30 second units (8 means 4 minutes before or after)
* @param int|null $currentTimeSlice time slice if we want use other that time()
*
* @return bool
*/
public function verifyCode($secret, $code, $discrepancy = 1, $currentTimeSlice = null)
{
if ($currentTimeSlice === null) {
$currentTimeSlice = floor(time() / 30);
}
if (strlen($code) != 6) {
return false;
}
for ($i = -$discrepancy; $i <= $discrepancy; ++$i) {
$calculatedCode = $this->getCode($secret, $currentTimeSlice + $i);
if ($this->timingSafeEquals($calculatedCode, $code)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Set the code length, should be >=6.
*
* @param int $length
*
* @return PHPGangsta_GoogleAuthenticator
* @return PHPGangsta_GoogleAuthenticator
*/
public function setCodeLength($length)
{
$this->_codeLength = $length;
return $this;
}
/**
* Helper class to decode base32.
*
* @param $secret
*
* @return bool|string
*/
protected function _base32Decode($secret)
{
if (empty($secret)) {
return '';
}
$base32chars = $this->_getBase32LookupTable();
$base32charsFlipped = array_flip($base32chars);
$paddingCharCount = substr_count($secret, $base32chars[32]);
$allowedValues = array(6, 4, 3, 1, 0);
if (!in_array($paddingCharCount, $allowedValues)) {
return false;
}
for ($i = 0; $i < 4; ++$i) {
if ($paddingCharCount == $allowedValues[$i] &&
substr($secret, -($allowedValues[$i])) != str_repeat($base32chars[32], $allowedValues[$i])) {
return false;
}
}
$secret = str_replace('=', '', $secret);
$secret = str_split($secret);
$binaryString = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < count($secret); $i = $i + 8) {
$x = '';
if (!in_array($secret[$i], $base32chars)) {
return false;
}
for ($j = 0; $j < 8; ++$j) {
$x .= str_pad(base_convert(@$base32charsFlipped[@$secret[$i + $j]], 10, 2), 5, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);            }
$eightBits = str_split($x, 8);
for ($z = 0; $z < count($eightBits); ++$z) {
$binaryString .= (($y = chr(base_convert($eightBits[$z], 2, 10))) || ord($y) == 48) ? $y : '';
}
}
return $binaryString;
}
/**
* Get array with all 32 characters for decoding from/encoding to base32.
*
* @return array
*/
protected function _getBase32LookupTable()
{
return array(
'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', //  7
'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', // 15
'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', // 15
'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', // 23
'Y', 'Z', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', // 31
'=',  // padding char
);
}
/**
* A timing safe equals comparison
* more info here: blog.ircmaxell/2014/11/its-all-about-time.html.    *
* @param string $safeString The internal (safe) value to be checked
* @param string $userString The user submitted (unsafe) value
*
* @return bool True if the two strings are identical
*/
private function timingSafeEquals($safeString, $userString)
{
if (function_exists('hash_equals')) {
return hash_equals($safeString, $userString);
}
$safeLen = strlen($safeString);
$userLen = strlen($userString);
if ($userLen != $safeLen) {
return false;
}
$result = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < $userLen; ++$i) {
$result |= (ord($safeString[$i]) ^ ord($userString[$i]));
}
// They are only identical strings if $result is
return $result === 0;
}
}
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