Antonymy :the oppositeness of meaning between lexemes
Affix: Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories, while derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word.
Arbitrariness :a design feature of language which refers to the fact that there is no logical connection between the signifier and the signified of a sign.
Applied linguistics: the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.
Allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.
A proposition :what is expressed by a declarative sentence when that sentence is uttered t
o make a statement
A speech community : a community the members of which have or believe they have at least one common variety of language
An utterance:a piece of language actually used in a particular context
An analytic proposition :one whose grammatical form and lexical meaning make it necessarily true, without reference to external criteria
Auditory phonetics: It studies the speech sounds from the hearer's point of view. It studies how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.
Acoustic phonetics: It studies the speech sounds by looking at the sound waves. It studies the physical means by which speech sounds are transmitted through the air from one person to another.
Anaphora: the process where a word or phrase refers back to another word or phrase which was used earlier in a text or conversation
Binary cutting : the practice to cut a grammatical construction into two parts and then cut each of the two parts into two and continue with this segmentation until we reach the smallest grammatical unit, the morpheme
Blending :word formed by combining parts of other words
Bilingualism :the situation where at least two languages are used side by side by an individual or by a group of speakers, with each having a different role to play
Bound morpheme: Bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot be used indepen­dently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
Cognitive style: an individual’s preferred way of mentally processing (perceiving, conceptualizing, organizing, and recalling, etc.) information. It often affect learners’ individual preferences or needs for different learning conditions, which are called learning styles.
Constatives : sentences which describe or state something; they are either true or false           
Compounds:the words that are produced by stringing together words
Constituent: any linguistic form or group of linguistic forms that appears at the bottom of one of the lines in the tree diagram of the syntactic analysis
Complementary distribution :the phenomena that allophones occur in different phonetic environments
Creole :a language formed when a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community
Cultural transmission :the fact that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker
Connotation :the additional meanings that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning
Conversational implicature: a kind of extra meaning that is not literally contained in the utterance but is derived from observing or flouting the maxims of CP
Derivation :the morphological process in which affixes are added to the stem
replaceableDiachronic linguistics :the study of the language development or change over time
Distinctive features : the features that a phoneme has and that distinguish it from other phonemes
Design features: the framework proposed by Hockett, which discusses the defining properties of human language as against animal communication
Derivational morphemes :the bound morphemes which are conjoined to other morphemes (or words) to derive or form a new word
Deixis: a particular way in which the interpretation of certain linguistic expressions is dependent on the context they are produced or interpreted
Diglossia:a sociolinguistic situation where two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play

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