● -ty和-ity字尾主要是名词词缀,加在形容词后变形容词为名词,表示情况、性质、状态:
possible 可能的 --> possibility 可能性
general 大概的、总体的、一般的 --> generality 一般(性)
special 特殊的、专门的、专业的 --> 特性、专长
safe 安全的 --> 安全
possible 可能的 --> possibility 可能性
general 大概的、总体的、一般的 --> generality 一般(性)
special 特殊的、专门的、专业的 --> 特性、专长
safe 安全的 --> 安全
Ability n.能力;能耐,才能;n.专门技能,天资
● 后缀-tion附在动词后面构成名词,例如instruct(v. 指导)可变成instruction(n. )其实tion就是表示这个词是名词。
1、当单词最后是,de时,变名词加tion或者ation,ition;
2、当单词最后是元音字母时,变名词加sion等。
以ce和ge结尾的词为名词
● A 以ce和ge结尾的词后接以a或。开头的后缀时,要保留字母e:
courage,courageous peace,peaceable manage, manageable
replace, replaceable outrage, outrageous trace, traceable
这样做是为了避免读音上的变化,因为c和g一般在e和i之前弱读,在a或o之前则重读。
● B 以ce结尾的词,加后缀ous时要将e变为i:
grace,gracious
space,spacious
malice, malicious
● 词性说明
adj. replaceable是形容词
adv. 是副词
n. 是名词
v. 是动词
prep. 是介词
● 副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。
副词分类:
1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, late, next,lastday,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once,twice
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.
副词用 法:
副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。
He works hard. (作状语)
他工作努力。
You speak English very well. (作状语)
你英语讲的相当好。
Is she in ? (作表语)
她在家吗?
Let's be out. (作表语)
让我们出去吧。
Food here is hardly to get. (作状语)
这儿很难弄到食物。
Let him out!(作补语)
让他出去!
.修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后
a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat
副词位 置:
1) 实意动词之前,be动词、情态动词之后。
I am also Bush.
I can also do that.
I also want to play that games.
I get up early in the morning every day.
我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday.
他昨天给了我一件礼物。
She didn't drink water enough.
她喝的水不够。
The train goes fast.
火车跑得快。
We can go to this school freely.
我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
They left a life hardly then.
当时他们的生活很艰难。
He has a new hat on today.
他今天戴了一顶新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends.
这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。
It's rather easy, I can do it.
这很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well.
他做得相当好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right.
很难说谁是对的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends.
这件事太重要了,我得告诉我的朋友。
It's much better.
好多了。
3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。
I often help him these days.
这些日子我经常帮助他。
I always remember the day when I first came
to this school.
我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me.
你不能老是帮助我。
He seldom comes to see us.
他很少来看我们。
We usually go shopping once a week.
我们通常一周买一次东西。
The new students don't always go to dance.
新学生并不时常去跳舞。
4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。
When do you study everyday?
你每天什么时间学习?
Can you tell me how you did it?
你能告诉我你如何做的吗?
First, let me ask you some questions.
先让我来问几个问题。
How much does this bike cost?
这辆车子多少钱?
Either you go or he comes.
不是你去就是他来。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。
5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么?
The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。
6)否定副词在句首,句子要倒装,如:
Never have I felt so excited!
我从来没有觉得太激动了!
副词比较等级:
副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词(除 early )须用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的,最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。
warmly more warmly most warmly
successfully more successfully most successfully
有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。
well-better - best little - less(er) - least
much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
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